An Au/ceria（0.44%, mass fraction） catalyst containing gold ions was prepared by a modified deposition precipitation method, and the evolution of gold ions in the catalyst and its influence on the catalysis of CO oxi...An Au/ceria（0.44%, mass fraction） catalyst containing gold ions was prepared by a modified deposition precipitation method, and the evolution of gold ions in the catalyst and its influence on the catalysis of CO oxidation were investigated. It was found that the as-prepared catalyst containing gold ions with high valence could fully oxidize CO at -10 ℃ initially but was deactivated gradually at low temperatures during the reaction with CO or treatment by unpurified air. The deactivation of the catalyst during CO oxidation or treatment of it by unpurified air was independent and progressive at low temperatures while the activity of the catalyst at relatively high temperatures was maintained well. During the reaction with CO or treatment by unpurified air, the XPS results indicate that gold species evolved from high valence to low valence and the diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra show that high valence gold was reduced to charged gold clusters, gold clusters grew to small gold crystals and small gold crystals grew to large gold particles. Accordingly, the high valence gold corresponded to the activity at low temperatures and the metallic gold was active and relatively stable at high temperatures. The turnover frequencies（TOF） of the catalysts treated by different methods at 273 K decreased with the evolution of gold species from high valence to low valence, no maximum of TOF was observed although gold particles in the catalyst attained to about 2-3 nm during the treatment. An Au/ceria catalyst with a gold load of 0.87% （mass fraction） maintained a good activity for CO oxidation within 18 h at room temperature. The catalysts were characterized via transmitted electronic microscopy（TEM）, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry（ICP-OES）, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and BET specific surface area and UV-Vis DRS as well.展开更多
生态足迹是衡量可持续发展的有效方法。为更全面了解国内外生态足迹研究进展,基于文献计量与知识图谱方法,以909篇中国知网数据库(CSSCI)和1951篇Web of science核心合集收录期刊数据为研究对象,从国内外生态足迹研究时空分布特征、研...生态足迹是衡量可持续发展的有效方法。为更全面了解国内外生态足迹研究进展,基于文献计量与知识图谱方法,以909篇中国知网数据库(CSSCI)和1951篇Web of science核心合集收录期刊数据为研究对象,从国内外生态足迹研究时空分布特征、研究热点及演进趋势方面展开对比分析。研究发现:国内外发文量趋势不同。中文发文量呈倒“U”形曲线,外文发文量呈指数级增长趋势,全球范围内美国发文量最多,中国位居第二;国内外均未形成核心作者群。学科交叉性较强。发文量最大的外文期刊为Ecological Indicators,其他植物、环境、生态学、毒理学、经济学等跨领域的期刊突出了国际生态足迹研究的综合性与交叉性。国内外研究侧重点不同。国内外在可持续发展评估、足迹家族、经济环境关系等方面研究具有相似性,国内研究表明了中国的生态文明政策导向和经济发展阶段特点。最后,认为未来生态足迹研究可能侧重于生态足迹与气候变化耦合、行业或地区的生态承载力/压力、可再生能源的生态效应等方面。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20563003)the Inner Mongolia Education Depart-ment Fund(No.NJZY07013)
文摘An Au/ceria（0.44%, mass fraction） catalyst containing gold ions was prepared by a modified deposition precipitation method, and the evolution of gold ions in the catalyst and its influence on the catalysis of CO oxidation were investigated. It was found that the as-prepared catalyst containing gold ions with high valence could fully oxidize CO at -10 ℃ initially but was deactivated gradually at low temperatures during the reaction with CO or treatment by unpurified air. The deactivation of the catalyst during CO oxidation or treatment of it by unpurified air was independent and progressive at low temperatures while the activity of the catalyst at relatively high temperatures was maintained well. During the reaction with CO or treatment by unpurified air, the XPS results indicate that gold species evolved from high valence to low valence and the diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra show that high valence gold was reduced to charged gold clusters, gold clusters grew to small gold crystals and small gold crystals grew to large gold particles. Accordingly, the high valence gold corresponded to the activity at low temperatures and the metallic gold was active and relatively stable at high temperatures. The turnover frequencies（TOF） of the catalysts treated by different methods at 273 K decreased with the evolution of gold species from high valence to low valence, no maximum of TOF was observed although gold particles in the catalyst attained to about 2-3 nm during the treatment. An Au/ceria catalyst with a gold load of 0.87% （mass fraction） maintained a good activity for CO oxidation within 18 h at room temperature. The catalysts were characterized via transmitted electronic microscopy（TEM）, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry（ICP-OES）, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and BET specific surface area and UV-Vis DRS as well.
文摘生态足迹是衡量可持续发展的有效方法。为更全面了解国内外生态足迹研究进展,基于文献计量与知识图谱方法,以909篇中国知网数据库(CSSCI)和1951篇Web of science核心合集收录期刊数据为研究对象,从国内外生态足迹研究时空分布特征、研究热点及演进趋势方面展开对比分析。研究发现:国内外发文量趋势不同。中文发文量呈倒“U”形曲线,外文发文量呈指数级增长趋势,全球范围内美国发文量最多,中国位居第二;国内外均未形成核心作者群。学科交叉性较强。发文量最大的外文期刊为Ecological Indicators,其他植物、环境、生态学、毒理学、经济学等跨领域的期刊突出了国际生态足迹研究的综合性与交叉性。国内外研究侧重点不同。国内外在可持续发展评估、足迹家族、经济环境关系等方面研究具有相似性,国内研究表明了中国的生态文明政策导向和经济发展阶段特点。最后,认为未来生态足迹研究可能侧重于生态足迹与气候变化耦合、行业或地区的生态承载力/压力、可再生能源的生态效应等方面。
