目的探讨午夜1 mg地塞米松抑制试验联合促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)兴奋试验在原发性醛固酮增多症(PA)分型诊断中的价值。方法横断面研究。回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年9月解放军总医院第一医学中心确诊为PA并完成午夜1 mg地塞米松抑制试验...目的探讨午夜1 mg地塞米松抑制试验联合促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)兴奋试验在原发性醛固酮增多症(PA)分型诊断中的价值。方法横断面研究。回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年9月解放军总医院第一医学中心确诊为PA并完成午夜1 mg地塞米松抑制试验联合ACTH兴奋试验患者的临床资料,分析比较醛固酮瘤(APA)和特发性醛固酮增多症(IHA)患者的临床特征及试验结果。通过绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估午夜1 mg地塞米松抑制试验联合ACTH兴奋试验对鉴别APA和IHA的效能,以约登指数最大确定诊断指标的cut-off值。结果共纳入82例PA患者,男43例,女39例,年龄(50.8±11.4)岁。根据PA类型分为APA组(n=49)和IHA组(n=33)。两组的体质指数、收缩压及舒张压差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。APA组血钾、立位肾素均低于IHA组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001);APA组立位血浆醛固酮浓度(PAC)、立位醛固酮与肾素比值(ARR)、卡托普利试验(CCT)前和后PAC、CCT后ARR、盐水输注试验(SIT)前和后PAC、单侧病变比例均大于IHA组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。午夜1 mg地塞米松抑制试验联合ACTH兴奋试验后30、60、90、120 min APA组PAC及PAC/皮质醇均高于IHA组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。试验后90 min PAC的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)最大,0.930(95%CI:0.874~0.986),PAC的cut-off值为39.05 ng/dl时约登指数最大(0.766),鉴别APA与IHA的灵敏度和特异度分别为91.8%和84.8%。结论午夜1 mg地塞米松抑制试验联合ACTH兴奋试验在PA分型中具有一定临床价值,能够较好鉴别APA和IHA,其中90 min PAC及PAC/皮质醇的诊断效能最佳。展开更多
Orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)technique, which modulates data symbols in the delayDoppler(DD) domain, presents a potential solution for supporting reliable information transmission in highmobility vehicular net...Orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)technique, which modulates data symbols in the delayDoppler(DD) domain, presents a potential solution for supporting reliable information transmission in highmobility vehicular networks. In this paper, we study the issues of DD channel estimation for OTFS in the presence of fractional Doppler. We first propose a channel estimation algorithm with both low complexity and high accuracy based on the unitary approximate message passing(UAMP), which exploits the structured sparsity of the effective DD domain channel using hidden Markov model(HMM). The empirical state evolution(SE) analysis is then leveraged to predict the performance of our proposed algorithm. To refine the hyperparameters in the proposed algorithm,we derive the update criterion for the hyperparameters through the expectation-maximization(EM) algorithm. Finally, Our simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can achieve a significant gain over various baseline schemes.展开更多
文摘目的探讨午夜1 mg地塞米松抑制试验联合促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)兴奋试验在原发性醛固酮增多症(PA)分型诊断中的价值。方法横断面研究。回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年9月解放军总医院第一医学中心确诊为PA并完成午夜1 mg地塞米松抑制试验联合ACTH兴奋试验患者的临床资料,分析比较醛固酮瘤(APA)和特发性醛固酮增多症(IHA)患者的临床特征及试验结果。通过绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估午夜1 mg地塞米松抑制试验联合ACTH兴奋试验对鉴别APA和IHA的效能,以约登指数最大确定诊断指标的cut-off值。结果共纳入82例PA患者,男43例,女39例,年龄(50.8±11.4)岁。根据PA类型分为APA组(n=49)和IHA组(n=33)。两组的体质指数、收缩压及舒张压差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。APA组血钾、立位肾素均低于IHA组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001);APA组立位血浆醛固酮浓度(PAC)、立位醛固酮与肾素比值(ARR)、卡托普利试验(CCT)前和后PAC、CCT后ARR、盐水输注试验(SIT)前和后PAC、单侧病变比例均大于IHA组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。午夜1 mg地塞米松抑制试验联合ACTH兴奋试验后30、60、90、120 min APA组PAC及PAC/皮质醇均高于IHA组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。试验后90 min PAC的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)最大,0.930(95%CI:0.874~0.986),PAC的cut-off值为39.05 ng/dl时约登指数最大(0.766),鉴别APA与IHA的灵敏度和特异度分别为91.8%和84.8%。结论午夜1 mg地塞米松抑制试验联合ACTH兴奋试验在PA分型中具有一定临床价值,能够较好鉴别APA和IHA,其中90 min PAC及PAC/皮质醇的诊断效能最佳。
基金supported by the Key Scientific Research Project in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province of China(Grant Nos.21A510003)Science and the Key Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province of China(Grant Nos.222102210053)。
文摘Orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)technique, which modulates data symbols in the delayDoppler(DD) domain, presents a potential solution for supporting reliable information transmission in highmobility vehicular networks. In this paper, we study the issues of DD channel estimation for OTFS in the presence of fractional Doppler. We first propose a channel estimation algorithm with both low complexity and high accuracy based on the unitary approximate message passing(UAMP), which exploits the structured sparsity of the effective DD domain channel using hidden Markov model(HMM). The empirical state evolution(SE) analysis is then leveraged to predict the performance of our proposed algorithm. To refine the hyperparameters in the proposed algorithm,we derive the update criterion for the hyperparameters through the expectation-maximization(EM) algorithm. Finally, Our simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can achieve a significant gain over various baseline schemes.