浅成侵入岩储层分布模式——以新西兰Lyttelton火山中新世浅成岩脉为例

侵入岩油气藏广泛分布于世界各盆地中,具有良好的油气勘探潜力。但对原生孔隙发育的岩脉储层模式的研究尚未引起足够的关注。本文以新西兰基督城Lyttelton火山西北部的中新世浅成岩脉为研究对象,根据野外露头调查、孔渗测试、图像分析和经验公式的渗透率计算,对其孔隙构成、储层分布模式和储层控制因素进行分析。结果表明:该区浅成侵入岩为孔隙-裂缝型储层,储集空间以气孔为主,冷凝收缩缝次之;气孔可见定向拉长的大直径椭圆形和离散的小直径圆形两类,对孔隙度的贡献以前者为主;柱状节理可见规则和不规则两类,后者的裂缝面密度较高;具有中孔-中渗的特征,局部高孔-高渗;柱体横截面形态和规则性是影响地层渗透性的关键因素。整体上,浅成岩脉从下到上孔隙度由小变大,柱状节理由规则变为不规则;气孔可由柱状节理沟通,其连通性受柱状节理缝间距、缝宽,以及定向拉长气孔与柱状节理之间的夹角控制;Lyttelton火山的浅成岩脉显示,冷凝固结阶段气孔的初始连通率可高达35%。综上,浅成岩脉可具有良好的储集性能,气孔初始连通性较高,可作为有利的勘探目标。

Reassessment of the Distribution of Mantle CO_(2) in the Bohai Sea,China:The Perspective from the Source and Pathway System

Research on the distribution of mantle CO_(2)should involve comprehensive analysis from CO_(2)source to accumulation.The crust-mantle pathway system is the key controlling factor of the distribution of mantle CO_(2),but has received little attention.The pathway system and controlling factors of CO_(2)distribution in the Bohai Sea are analyzed using data on fault styles and information on the mantle and lithosphere.The relation between volcanic rocks and the distribution of mantle CO_(2)is reassessed using age data for CO_(2)accumulations.The distribution of mantle CO_(2)is controlled by uplift of the asthenosphere and upper mantle,magma conduits in the mantle and fault systems in the crust.Uplifted regions of the asthenosphere are accumulation areas for CO_(2).The area with uplift of the Moho exhibits accumulation of mantle CO_(2)at depth.CO_(2)was mainly derived from vertical migration through the upper mantle and lower crust.The fault style in the upper crust controls the distance of horizontal migration and the locations of CO_(2)concentrations.The distribution of mantle CO_(2)and volcanic rocks are not the same,but both probably followed the same pathways sometimes.Mantle CO_(2)in the Bohai Sea is concentrated in the Bozhong sag and the surrounding area,particularly in a trap that formed before 5.1 Ma and is connected to crustal faults(the Bozhang faults)and lithospheric faults(the Tanlu faults).

侵出式火山机构储层的分布模式——以伊通火山群为例

松辽盆地的侵出式火山机构中可赋存气藏,其储层特征明显有别于爆发式或喷溢式火山机构。为了明确侵出式火山机构的储层分布特征,以伊通火山群为例,根据野外露头调查、岩石组构特征、压氦法孔隙度测量和图像法宏观面缝率测量,分别对代表侵出式火山机构下部、中部和上部的西尖山火山、大孤山火山和东小山火山开展了储层分布模式分析,并讨论了柱状节理几何形态与裂缝密度和地层渗透性的关系。侵出式火山机构的储层为裂缝-孔隙型,发育丰富的冷凝收缩缝(柱状节理缝)、少量的气孔和杏仁孔以及微量的构造裂缝,具有低—中孔隙度、高渗透率的特征。受火山岩冷凝收缩作用和挥发份逸出作用控制,整个侵出式火山机构的储层可以通过柱状节理沟通。有利储层多分布在火山机构的顶部,厚度为数十米,中心相带的储层物性相对较好,向边部变差。整体上储层与地层的厚度比较小。针对未遭受剥蚀的侵出式火山机构,可采用揭示其火山中心相带上层的方法,而对于遭受剥蚀严重的侵出式火山机构,可采用揭示其翼部上层的方法寻找有利储层位置。