目的建立苦味药物比苦度(ratio of bitterness,ROB)的测定及计算方法,实现不同苦味药物之间的苦度定量比较,为实现复方制剂中的苦味药物定向掩蔽奠定基础。方法以0.134 mmol/L的盐酸小檗碱(berberine hydrochloride,BBR)为参比,将其ROB...目的建立苦味药物比苦度(ratio of bitterness,ROB)的测定及计算方法,实现不同苦味药物之间的苦度定量比较,为实现复方制剂中的苦味药物定向掩蔽奠定基础。方法以0.134 mmol/L的盐酸小檗碱(berberine hydrochloride,BBR)为参比,将其ROB定为1,以穿心莲内酯、葛根素、苦参碱、盐酸青藤碱、芦荟苷、氧化苦参碱6种苦味药物单体为模型药物,基于经典人群口尝法(traditional human taste panel method,THTPM),参照“比甜度”的表示方法,结合课题组前期已建立的苦味化合物标准表观苦度(standard apparent bitterness,SAB)的测定方法,反推出6种模型药物SAB=3时的浓度,并根据公式计算出其ROB。结果采用THTPM法测得不同浓度模型药物的口尝SAB值,建立了6种模型药物的威布尔模型与对数模型。根据最优模型计算出了6种模型药物的ROB分别为0.017、0.031、0.208、0.250、0.500、0.714。结论建立了基于THTPM的ROB定量方法,并成功测定了6种苦味药物单体的ROB,为不同苦味药物单体之间的苦度比较提供了新的苦度标尺,丰富了药物苦度比较标尺的研究,为苦度评价与苦味掩蔽评价提供了技术支撑。展开更多
Background Numerous studies have shown that time spent on television （TV） viewing is positively associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the potential association between excessive TV viewing an...Background Numerous studies have shown that time spent on television （TV） viewing is positively associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the potential association between excessive TV viewing and obesity, especially abdominal obesity, among children and adolescents in mainland of China. Methods A total of 4708 children and adolescents aged 6 to 16 years were recruited for the study. Anthropometric measures were conducted by trained personnels. A self-report questionnaire was designed to gather information on TV time, physical activity, diet habits, maternal body mass index （BMI）, birth weight, and on general demographics, including age and gender, and socio-economic status. Results The prevalence of obesity in this group was 6.5%. Linear regression analysis indicated that high TV viewing time （〉1.5 h/d） was significantly associated with higher BMI, waist circumference （WC）, and waist-to-height ratio （WHtR）. In addition, the high TV time group had 1.3 times the odds of obesity as compared to the low TV time group. Likewise, high TV viewing time increased the OR value 1.32 and 1.21 times higher in WC- and WHtR-defined obesity. Within the non-obesity group, high TV viewing time was also positively associated with higher WC and WHtR. All these correlations remained significant after adjustment for the confounding variables. Conclusions Excessive TV viewing might increase the risk of obesity among Chinese youth. Reducing TV viewing time may be beneficial to improve health outcomes, both in the short- and long term. This finding should be taken into account in future designs of intervention policies to prevent childhood and adolescent obesity in China.展开更多
文摘Background Numerous studies have shown that time spent on television （TV） viewing is positively associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the potential association between excessive TV viewing and obesity, especially abdominal obesity, among children and adolescents in mainland of China. Methods A total of 4708 children and adolescents aged 6 to 16 years were recruited for the study. Anthropometric measures were conducted by trained personnels. A self-report questionnaire was designed to gather information on TV time, physical activity, diet habits, maternal body mass index （BMI）, birth weight, and on general demographics, including age and gender, and socio-economic status. Results The prevalence of obesity in this group was 6.5%. Linear regression analysis indicated that high TV viewing time （〉1.5 h/d） was significantly associated with higher BMI, waist circumference （WC）, and waist-to-height ratio （WHtR）. In addition, the high TV time group had 1.3 times the odds of obesity as compared to the low TV time group. Likewise, high TV viewing time increased the OR value 1.32 and 1.21 times higher in WC- and WHtR-defined obesity. Within the non-obesity group, high TV viewing time was also positively associated with higher WC and WHtR. All these correlations remained significant after adjustment for the confounding variables. Conclusions Excessive TV viewing might increase the risk of obesity among Chinese youth. Reducing TV viewing time may be beneficial to improve health outcomes, both in the short- and long term. This finding should be taken into account in future designs of intervention policies to prevent childhood and adolescent obesity in China.
