施氮量对川东南冬水田稻鱼共作系统下杂交稻产量和土壤养分的影响

【目的】利用川东南冬水田区连续多年稻鱼共作系统,研究施氮(N)量对免耕栽培杂交稻产量形成和土壤养分的影响,为制定稻鱼共作系统下免耕栽培杂交稻长期、合理的氮肥管理策略提供理论依据。【方法】于2018—2022年在川东南冬水田区开展了5年大田定位试验,供试杂交稻品种为蓉优1015和内6优103,耕作方式为免耕。设置N 0、45、90、135 kg/hm^(2)4个施氮水平,分别记作N_(0)、N_(45)、N_(90)、N_(135)。在水稻收获期,调查杂交稻产量及产量构成因素,分析0—20 cm土层土壤全量和速效氮、磷、钾含量,以及有机质含量和pH,通过回归分析,研究施氮量与水稻产量和土壤养分因子含量变化之间的关系。【结果】稻鱼共作系统下,年份、施氮量对杂交稻产量及产量构成的影响达极显著水平。5年间,杂交稻产量与施氮量均呈极显著正相关(r=0.9070^(**)~0.9720^(**)),与低氮量处理N_(45)相比,N_(90)和N_(135)处理杂交稻产量分别增加了6.37%~26.53%、9.11%~25.11%,单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数也显著增加。而N_(90)处理杂交稻产量与N_(135)处理相当或更高。逐步回归分析结果表明,杂交稻产量构成(单位面积有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重)与产量的偏相关系数达显著或极显著水平(t=2.20*~9.17^(**))。通径分析结果表明,杂交稻单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数对产量的直接贡献(分别为0.8754和0.4987)和总贡献(分别为0.6364和0.3598)较大,表明单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数是影响产量的主要因素。在N_(0)、N_(45)处理下,土壤全氮、碱解氮含量随稻鱼共作年限的增加而下降,而在N_(90)、N_(135)处理下随稻鱼共作年限的增加而增加。土壤全氮、碱解氮含量随施氮量增加而提高,而全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾含量则随施氮量增加而下降。杂交稻产量与土壤养分含量呈极显著正相关,可见提高磷素、钾素供给能力是稻鱼共作系统杂交稻高产的重要基础。【结论】川东南冬水田区稻鱼共作系统下,年施氮90 kg/hm^(2)可以提高杂交水稻的单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数,进而维持甚至提高水稻产量。连续施用中、高量氮肥还可以提升土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,且随稻鱼共作年限延长呈增加趋势;土壤pH值则随稻鱼共作年限延长呈下降趋势。

基于BehavePlus的草地火行为模拟研究

基于春季和秋季防火期的野外调查数据,利用BehavePlus林火行为预测系统,分别对长白山风倒区春季和秋季防火季的火行为进行了模拟,研究了长白山风倒区火行为特征.结果表明:风倒区4个重要火行为指标(火蔓延速率、火线强度、火焰长度和火蔓延距离)的模拟结果春季都明显高于秋季;火行为与坡度关系较小,与风速关系较大;春季火灾非常容易达到重度火势,难以进行扑救,春季防火期火灾预防尤为重要.结合保护区的实际情况,从扑救人员和扑救物资的合理布局,改善现有扑救装置和促进风倒区林地演替等方面提出了火灾预防和扑救的建议.

四川盆地东南部气象因子对杂交中稻产量的影响

为了探明四川盆地东南部气象因子对杂交中稻产量的影响,并提出相应的丰产技术对策。2015年和2016年,以2个杂交中稻品种II优602和旌优127为材料,在5个播种期和高氮低密与低氮高密2种栽培方式下,研究了四川盆地东南部气象因子对杂交中稻产量的影响。结果表明,随着播种期推迟,平均全生育期从148.13 d逐渐缩短到123.25 d,缩短了14.77%;气象因子对水稻全生育期的影响主要在营养生长期,生殖生长期受其影响较小。年度间、栽培方式间、品种间稻谷产量差异均不显著;随着播种期推迟,稻谷产量呈下降趋势,从3月5日的8507.76 kg hm^(-2)下降到5月24日的6251.01 kg hm^(-2),降低了26.53%。播种–移栽、移栽–拔节、营养生长的日数和全生育期日数分别与穗粒数和产量呈极显著正相关。气象因子对产量的影响在不同年份和不同品种间的表现不一致:优质稻旌优1272015年的结实率、千粒重和产量分别与齐穗–成熟的日平均气温呈极显著正相关,分别与拔节–齐穗的日照时数呈显著负相关;2016年的穗粒数、产量分别与播种—移栽日最高气温、移栽—拔节的日平均气温呈极显著负相关。高产品种II优602,2015年的有效穗、千粒重和产量分别与移栽—拔节的降雨量呈显著或极显著负相关,2016年的穗粒数和产量分别与移栽–拔节的日最高气温呈显著或极显著负相关,结实率、千粒重和产量分别与拔节–齐穗的日平均相对湿度呈显著正相关。生产上一季中稻模式的最佳播种期在3月5日至3月25日,而中稻-再生稻模式则在3月5日至3月25日期间尽可能早播,以利于提高再生稻安全齐穗保证率。

渤海某油田处理厂稠油破乳剂筛选研究

针对渤海某油田处理厂稠油密度高、黏度大,沥青质、胶质等界面活性物质含量高的特点,开展了室内筛选评价实验,共筛选了四类17种破乳剂,其中破乳剂235#脱水效果最好。考察了阳离子絮凝剂、醋酸和1227对破乳剂235#脱水效果的影响,确定1227和235#复配的最佳配比1∶2,最佳破乳剂质量浓度为250 mg·L^(-1),最佳温度为70℃。

测苗定氮综合氮素管理提高直播稻产量和肥料利用效率

【目的】直播水稻生长期和养分吸收均不同于传统插秧稻。本研究比较了直播稻不同品种对苗期定氮综合氮素管理措施的响应,以期为直播稻的最佳氮肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】于2016-2017年在成都平原,以超级杂交稻、普通杂交稻、普通常规稻为材料进行了田间试验。设置两种氮肥调控处理:"一基多追"(即基肥、苗肥、分蘖肥、穗肥,N1)和"无基多追"(即氮肥不基施,中后期采用测苗定氮综合氮肥管理技术,N2),以不施氮为对照(N0)。于分蘖中期、幼穗分化期、齐穗期,采用叶绿素仪(SPAD-502)测定叶片SPAD值。于收获期,取样测定氮磷钾含量,调查产量及产量构成。【结果】与N1处理相比,N2处理施氮量减少了33.3%~40.0%,直播稻产量并未出现显著下降;氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥吸收利用率平均分别提高了48.9%、56.7%、11.9%;N2处理直播稻氮、钾吸收量平均分别降低了10.8%、5.8%;生产1000kg稻谷氮、钾需求量平均分别降低了9.4%、4.0%,磷吸收量和生产1000 kg稻谷磷需求量与N1处理相当。与普通杂交稻和普通常规稻相比,相同氮素管理措施下,超级杂交稻产量平均增加了11.7%,氮、磷、钾吸收量平均分别增加了21.5%、37.7%、17.5%,每生产1000 kg稻谷氮、磷、钾需求量平均分别增加了8.9%、24.3%、6.5%。超级杂交稻较高的氮、磷、钾养分吸收量和较低的氮、磷、钾收获指数是其生产单位稻谷氮、磷、钾需求量增加的主要原因。【结论】直播稻基肥不施氮,中后期采用测苗定氮综合氮肥管理技术,不仅可以减少1/3的氮肥投入量,还可维持直播稻较高的产量,减少生产1000 kg稻谷的需氮量和需钾量,提高氮肥效率。超级杂交稻比普通杂交稻和常规稻更适合采用测苗定氮综合管理技术。

固体靶PET核素碘-124的制备、质控及甲状腺分子显像

目的:建立利用医用回旋加速器有效生产高放射性活度碘-124(^(124)I)的方法,以期为进一步制备和使用^(124)I提供参考。方法:采用124Te(p,n)^(124)I的质子核反应进行^(124)I的制备,首先通过压片装置将靶材料124Te O2压制在圆形铂金靶上,利用医用回旋加速器轰击靶片6~10 h,然后采用放置12 h的方法除去核不良反应可能产生的杂核素,最后采用碘升华-放射化学分离的方法收集得到^(124)I溶液。静脉注射740 k Bq的^(124)I生理盐水溶液至小鼠体内,观察^(124)I的正常生理分布,利用micro-PET/CT可见其在甲状腺有明显富集。结果:通过压片装置能够有效实现200 mg的124TeO_2在铂金靶片的压制。固体靶上124Te镀层平滑、均匀、致密,无明显凹坑和裂纹。采用医用回旋加速器以12.0 Me V能量,20.0μA质子束,轰击获得370~1 110 MBq的^(124)I,经放射化学分离纯化后可获得370~740 MBq的高放射性活度^(124)I,定容于45 000 Bq/μL的0.01 mol/L氢氧化钠中,核纯度大于80.0%。经过尾部静脉注射^(124)I生理盐水溶液到小鼠体内后,micro-PET/CT成像发现小鼠体内甲状腺部位具有明显的放射性信号浓聚,另在胃部也有富集,并观察到其从膀胱代谢,该代谢行为符合碘元素在生物体内的代谢规律。结论:通过压片装置成功地进行了^(124)I固体靶片的制备,并利用医用回旋加速器已成功进行了^(124)I的生产,通过碘升华纯化装置,获得370~740 MBq高放射性活度的^(124)I,并实现了模型动物甲状腺的micro-PET/CT分子显像。^(124)I的生产为我国科学研究和临床应用提供一种新的核素奠定了基础。

基于湿润指数距平率的水稻干旱灾损评估——以四川省为例

利用四川省水稻主要种植区6个典型代表站点1961-2015年的逐日气象资料、水稻生育期和产量等资料,计算了水稻各生育阶段内的湿润指数距平率,建立干旱影响下水稻气象产量与湿润指数距平率的统计模型,开展了水稻干旱灾损评估.结果表明:移栽到孕穗期和孕穗到开花期,蓬安的干旱指数有显著增加的趋势;开花到成熟期,仁寿、蓬安、开江、甘洛的干旱指数有显著的增加趋势.分离水稻气象产量后,构建了干旱影响下水稻各生育阶段干旱指数与气象产量的统计模型,验证结果表明该模型能反映各生育阶段干旱对水稻产量的影响.灾损评估结果指出,干旱影响下,四川水稻种植区代表站点水稻减产率在1.7%~7.2%.

温带山地森林强风致灾的影响因子分析——以长白山风灾区为例

利用长白山风灾前(1985年)和风灾后(1987年)的遥感影像,提取了1986年台风维拉在长白山西南坡森林中形成的风灾迹地,并解译出风灾迹地上风灾前的植被类型;利用长白山DEM数据,提取风灾迹地海拔、坡度和坡向地形因子数据,分析了风灾迹地的空间分布特征,揭示了长白山风灾迹地形成格局与地形因子和植被类型的相关性.结果表明:(1)坡度是最主要的致灾因子,风灾迹地大部分位于15°以下坡度较为平缓的地区,占总面积的75.03%.(2)海拔的影响也较强烈,风灾迹地主要分布在海拔1 350~1 700m的范围内,占总面积的67.84%.(3)温带森林类型的影响不大,针阔混交林、常绿针叶林和岳桦林中均有风灾迹地分布.不同林型的抗风性能有所差异:针阔混交林>岳桦林>常绿针叶林.(4)局地坡向的作用最弱,在迎风坡的西南坡、西坡和西北坡风灾迹地占比略大,分别占总面积的13.35%,12.11%,17.24%.因此,在强风干扰下温带山地森林区的主要致灾因子为坡度和海拔.

Mapping and Assessing Typhoon-induced Forest Disturbance in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve Using Time Series Landsat Imagery

Monitoring forest disturbances is important for understanding changes in ecosystems. The 1986 Typhoon Vera was a serious disturbance that severely impacted the forest ecosystems of Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve. Although the typhoon disturbance occurred more than two decades ago, the effects of the typhoon still remain within the study area. Few studies have focused on mapping and assessing disturbances across broad spatial and temporal scales. For this study, we first generated a map of forest composition prior to the typhoon disturbance, which served as a baseline data for the extraction of disturbed area. Then, the Disturbance Index(DI) method was tested for mapping the extent and magnitude of disturbance in the study area by applying a Tasseled Cap transformation to the Landsat imagery. The Landsatbased DI method estimated that an area of 13,764.78 ha of forest was disturbed by the typhoon. Based on visual assessments, these results correspond closely with the reference map derived from ground surveys. These results also revealed the influence of local topographic features on the distribution of windthrow areas. Windthrow areas were more pronounced inareas with elevations ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 m, slopes of less than 10 degrees, and southwestern to northwestern aspects. In addition, the relatively long(25 years) post-typhoon recovery period assessed by this study provided a more comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of forest recovery processes over time. Windthrow areas did not recover immediately after the typhoon, likely due to forest management practices enacted at the time. So far, forest recovery has proceeded more rapidly at elevations below 1,400 m, particularly on western slopes within the study area. Finally, a time series of DI values within the study period suggests a secondary disturbance may have occurred between 2000 and 2001.

Topographic Controls on Alpine Treeline Patterns on Changbai Mountain,China

【Title】【Author】【Addresses】1 The control mechanisms of topography on alpine treeline pattern are critical to understanding treeline dynamics and future changes. These mechanisms have not been understood quite well enough because of increasing human disturbance and low data resolution. In this study, the relationship between the treeline pattern and topography was analyzed based on high spatial resolution remote sensing data and a digital elevation model in an area in Changbai Mountain with little human disturbance. Future treeline patterns were also predicted. The results showed that （a） aspects with high solar radiation and low snow cover have a high coverage rate of trees, （b） the peak coverage rate of trees switches from low slopes （〈5°） to medium slopes （5°~25°） as the elevation rises because of the extreme environment, （c） the coverage rate of trees is a function that depends on environmental factors controlled by topography, （d） the future treeline pattern is controlled by new temperature mechanisms, new environmental factors and the reallocation effect of topography. Our research implies that topography controls the treeline pattern and changes in the treeline pattern associated with global warming, due to the effect of global warming on environmental factors. This study may well explain the causes of heterogeneous changes in the treeline pattern in the horizontal direction as well as differences in treeline response to climate warming.

Comparison of the spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation between the Changbai Mountains of eastern Eurasia and the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America

The Changbai Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains have similar spatial contexts.The elevation,latitude,and moisture gradients of both mountain ranges offer regional insight for investigating the vegetation dynamics in eastern Eurasia and eastern North America.We determined and compared the spatial patterns and temporal trends in the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)in the Changbai Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains using time series data from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies 3^(rd) generation dataset from 1982 to 2013.The spatial pattern of NDVI in the Changbai Mountains exhibited fragmentation,whereas NDVI in the Appalachian Mountains decreased from south to north.The vegetation dynamics in the Changbai Mountains had an insignificant trend at the regional scale,whereas the dynamics in the Appalachian Mountains had a significant increasing trend.NDVI increased in 55% of the area of the Changbai Mountains and in 95% of the area of the Appalachian Mountains.The peak NDVI occurred one month later in the Changbai Mountains than in the Appalachian Mountains.The results revealed a significant increase in NDVI in autumn in both mountain ranges.The climatic trend in the Changbai Mountains included warming and decreased precipitation,and whereas that in the Appalachian Mountains included significant warming and increased precipitation.Positive and negative correlations existed between NDVI and temperature and precipitation,respectively,in both mountain ranges.Particularly,the spring temperature and NDVI exhibited a significant positive correlation in both mountain ranges.The results of this study suggest that human actives caused the differences in the spatial patterns of NDVI and that various characteristics of climate change and intensity of human actives dominated the differences in the NDVI trends between the Changbai Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains.Additionally,the vegetation dynamics of both mountain ranges were not identical to those in previous broader-scale studies.

闽台农业合作“漳州模式”的创新与发展路径

【目的/意义】闽台农业交流合作一直走前全国前列,而漳州市是全国开展对台农业融合发展最为活跃的地区,也是福建省对台农业合作交流的先行区,农业利用台资数量与规模位居全国设区市首位,在全国起到了示范引领的作用。通过总结“漳州模式”为全国推动对台农业融合提供经验借鉴。【方法/过程】漳州市通过探索发展,创立了“农博会·花博会”、漳浦台湾农民创业园、闽台农业融合发展产业园以及漳台农业融合发展示范基地四大平台,形成了漳台农业产业融合机制、全国台籍科技特派员机制、全国海峡两岸新型农民培训机制以及全省台企台农融资新机制四大机制,进一步促进了漳台融合发展,形成了对台农业合作中多个全国第一的“漳州模式”。【结果/结论】漳州在引进利用台资、台湾农业“五新”推广示范、产业融合发展等方面的先行先试,对全市乃至全省全国现代农业转型升级、农民增产增收、增进两岸基层交流起到了积极的助推作用,闽台农业合作“漳州模式”正被国家、省市有关部门推广应用。

沉淀/吸附法在电镀废水重金属处理中的应用

电子元器件生产制造过程中会有大量的电镀废水产生,废水含有很多重金属,与废水的排放标准存在较大差距。为了研究沉淀/吸附法在电镀废水重金属处理中的应用,在查阅现有文献的基础上,对沉淀/吸附法进行了概述,分析了电镀废水重金属处理现状,最后从实验材料和方法、应用原理、应用优势、应用数据、实施方式、研究综述、可行性七个方面探讨了沉淀/吸附法的应用,旨在提高电镀废水重金属处理的效果。

The driving factors and their interactions of fire occurrence in Greater Khingan Mountains, China

Fire is an important disturbance in terms of forest management.A comprehensive understanding of the relationships between the spatial distribution of fire occurrence and its driving factors are critical for effective forest fire management.To reveal biogeoclimatic and anthropogenic influences,this study introduced a geographical detector model to quantitatively examine the effects of multiple individual factors and their combinations on spatial patterns of fire occurrence in the Greater Khingan Mountains between 1980 and 2009.The geographical detector computes the explanatory power(q value)to measure the connection between driving factors and spatial distributions of fire occurrence.Kernel density estimation revealed the spatial variability of fire occurrence which was impacted by bandwidth.30 km might be the optimal bandwidth in this study.The biogeoclimatic and anthropogenic effects were explored using topography,climate,vegetation,and human activity factors as proxies.Our results indicated that solar radiation had the most influence on the spatial pattern of fire occurrence in the study area.Meanwhile,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,temperature,wind speed,and vegetation type were determined as the major driving factors.For various groups of driving factors,climate variables were the dominant factors for the density of fire occurrence,while vegetation exerted a strong influence.The interactions between the driving factors had a more significant impact than a single factor.Individually,the factors in the topography and human activity groups exhibited weaker influences.However,their effects were enhanced when combined with climate and vegetation factors.This study improves our understanding of various driving factors and their combined influences on fire occurrences of the study area in a spatial context.The findings of this study verify that the geographical detector is applicable in revealing the driving factors of fire occurrence.

Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Hybrid Rice in Response to High Plant Density and Nitrogen Rate

Increased plant density with low N rate was a recommended strategy to increase grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE);however,grain yield,NUE and the total N uptake(TNU)responses of hybrid rice to this strategy at different yield levels(medium yielding site(MYS)Luzhou City and high yielding site(HYS)Deyang City had not been described.Field experiments with hybrid rice Rongyou1015 were conducted to study the effects of two plant densities.High plant density(HD),low plant density(LD)and four N rates(without N,N_(0);a recommended N rate of 195 kg•hm^(-2),N_(CK);a 23%reduction in N rate,N_(-23%);a 46%reduction in N rate,N_(-46%)on yield attributes,grain yield,TNU and NUE of hybrid rice were studied under different yield levels in 2016-2017.The results showed that the grain yield and NUE of hybrid rice in response to plant density and N rate varied with yield levels.For MYS,reducing N rate by 46%result in significantly lower grain yield at LD treatment;whereas at HD treatment the grain yield of hybrid rice under N_(-46%) and N_(CK) were equal.For HYS,reducing N rate by 46% result in significantly lower grain yield regardless of low plant density and high plant density;however,a reduction in N rate by 23%increased grain yield,AE_(N) by 36%,PFP_(N) by 31% and RE_(N) by 11% over N_(CK) at HD treatment.Higher grain yield of hybrid rice under the combination of HD with low N rate was attributable to improvement in spikelets per panicle and harvest index.The results suggested that high plant density with low N rate might be an effective approach to improve grain yield and NUE in rice production,but reduction in N application rate was determined,according to yield levels.

基于生物信息学分析和预测人骨肉瘤中Gab2靶向作用的miRNA分子

目的:通过生物信息学软件分析和预测在人骨肉瘤中能够靶向结合Gab2的miRNA。方法:首先通过生物信息学软件mir Walk 2. 0预测可以靶向结合Gab2的miRNA,然后用miRanda得到Gab2-miRNA的热力学稳定性评分和序列保守性评分。并通过人骨肉瘤miRNA芯片GSE70367得到在人骨肉瘤中差异表达的miRNA。在生物信息学软件打分较高的miRNA中选出差异表达的miRNA,从而选出人骨肉瘤中能与Gab2结合的特异性最强,稳定性最高的miRNA。结果:mir Walk 2. 0预测有22个miRNA可与Gab2靶向结合;其中,miR-1236-3p、miR-218-5p与Gab2结合的稳定性和特异性最好;在人骨肉瘤中差异表达的miRNA有184个,而miR-218-5p的表达也存在差异性,并且表达下调。结论:在人骨肉瘤中miR-218-5p可能靶向结合于Gab2,Gab2是miR-218-5p的靶基因。

1961-2015年西南区域单季稻生长季气候年型及其生产潜力分析

了解气候变化背景下农作物气候年型以及不同气候年型下作物的生产潜力,对实现农业的可持续发展具有重要意义。基于1961-2015年西南区域单季稻种植区316个气象台站的逐日气象资料和单季稻生产资料,利用异常度概念分析了单季稻生长季的10种气候年型,解析了不同气候年型下单季稻的气候生产潜力,并分析气候变化对单季稻生长季气候年型及生产潜力的影响。结果表明:(1)近55年来西南区域单季稻生长季正常年型发生频次最高,平均21.5次,其次是少雨年型和多雨年型。从空间分布来看,正常年型多出现在云南南部和西北部、四川攀西和四川盆地南部的部分地区,少雨和多雨年型多出现在四川盆地大部和其他省市的部分地区,高温年型多出现在四川攀西地区、云南和贵州的个别地区,低温和寡照年型的空间差异不明显。(2)1961-2015年,西南区域单季稻气候生产潜力平均为7065.6 kg/hm^2。与正常年相比,多雨年型气候生产潜力偏高超过10%,少雨年型偏低超过14%,降水是影响单季稻气候生产潜力的最主要因子。(3)气候变暖对西南区域单季稻生长季气候年型变化的影响最为显著。与1961-1990年相比,1991-2015年暖年增加,冷年减少。近55年来西南各省市单季稻气候生产潜力均呈下降趋势,1990年代以来暖年的增加有利于气候生产潜力的提高,而少雨和寡照年的增加是气候生产潜力总体下降的主要原因。

基于降水Z指数的朝鲜降水及旱涝时空特征

利用TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission,TRMM)3B43月降水数据,并结合降水Z指数,研究朝鲜1998-2018年的降水和旱涝时空格局。结果表明:TRMM与站点观测降水数据有显著的相关性。朝鲜降水季节性特征明显,57.29%的降水集中在夏季,空间上自东北部沿海岸线向东南递增。朝鲜的区域综合旱涝等级基本处于正常状态,偏旱和偏涝发生的频率最高,其次是大旱和大涝,极旱和极涝发生的频率最低,夏季和冬季干旱发生最为频繁,而洪涝在秋季频发。朝鲜北部发生旱涝事件的频率明显高于南部,咸镜山脉和盖马高原是旱涝的多发地区,温泉平原则最不易受到旱涝影响。春季、夏季和秋季均呈现洪涝强度增强的趋势。夏季洪涝强度加剧的趋势明显,中北部地区通过95%的显著性检验。

细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1含量化学发光微粒子定量免疫检测方法的建立

目的建立细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1(cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1,CYFRA21-1,简称CY21-1)含量的化学发光微粒子免疫检测方法(chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay,CMIA)。方法原核表达制备重组CY21-1(r CY21-1),用其免疫BALB/c小鼠后,收集小鼠脾脏细胞,常规杂交瘤技术与Sp2/0进行融合,制备CY21-1单抗。间接ELISA法筛选可稳定分泌CY21-1抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别标记微性磁珠(magnetic beads,MB)和吖啶酯(acridinium ester,AE),筛选可特异检测CY21-1的单抗配对,建立CY21-1 CMIA,同时验证方法的线性及灵敏度,并与同类试剂盒进行比较。结果经筛选获得了一组能特异检测CY21-1的单抗配对MB*26B5-3E4*AE,建立的CY21-1 CMIA对检测CY21-1校准品的线性范围为0.1~1 000 ng/m L,R^2=0.992 3,检测灵敏度为0.076 ng/m L。该方法与美国雅培公司生产的Abbott CY21-1 CMIA诊断试剂盒平行检测250份临床血清标本的结果具有良好的相关性(R^2=0.961 6)。结论成功建立了CY21-1 CMIA,且具有良好的线性及灵敏度,为我国肺癌的临床筛查和早期诊断奠定了基础。

阳离子聚合物P(AM-DBC)的合成及絮凝性能研究

以丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵(DBC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,通过水溶液自由基聚合法制备了一种阳离子聚合物P(AM-DBC),研究了反应温度、单体物料配比以及引发剂用量等因素对反应转化率和除油率的影响,并通过絮凝实验评价了该阳离子聚合物的除油率和絮凝性能。结果表明:在反应温度为65℃、n(DBC)∶n(AM)=1∶3、引发剂过硫酸盐占单体DBC和AM总质量的2.5‰、链转移剂占单体DBC和AM总质量的1‰、反应时间为7h条件下,转化率(实际产量占单体理论转化量)为96.3%。与常规絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和P(AM-DM)相比,P(AM-DBC)的除油率和絮体状态较好,且和无机絮凝剂复配后处理效果更佳。