Quality Control of Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Lotion

[Objectives]To establish the TLC identification methods of Llicis Rotundae Cortex and Mahoniae Caulis and the determination method of syringin content in Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Lotion.[Methods]Thin layer chromatography(TLC)was used to qualitatively identify Llicis Rotundae Cortex and Mahoniae Caulis in Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Lotion.The quantitative analysis of syringin in Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Lotion was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Chromatographic conditions are as follows:Luna 5μm C_(18)((2)100 A(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)column was adopted;acetonitrile(10%)-water(90%)was as the mobile phase,and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the detection wavelength was 265 nm;the sample size was 5μL;the column temperature was 30℃.[Results]Syringin had a good linear relationship with its peak area in the range of 0.190-2.856μg(R^(2)=0.9995).The RSD values of precision,stability and repeatability experiments were all lower than 2.5%,and the average sampling recovery rate(n=6)was 100.37%(RSD=-0.88%).[Conclusions]The method had the advantages of simple operation,strong specificity,good repeatability and stability,and can be used for the quality control of Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Lotion.

Safety Limit Test of Heavy Metals and Pesticide Residues in the Zhuang Ethnic Medcine Herba Polygoni Chinensis from 13 Producing Areas

[Objectives]This study was conducted to determine the contents of such five heavy metals as lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),arsenic(As),mercury(Hg)and copper(Cu)and the contents of nine kinds of organochlorine pesticide residues including total BHC(α-BHC,β-BHC,γ-BHC,δ-BHC)and total DDT(pp-DDE,pp-DDD,op-DDT,pp-DDT)and pentachloronitrobenzene in the Zhuang medicine Herba Polygoni Chinensis from 13 producing areas.[Methods]The five heavy metals were determined in accordance with the second method of general rule 2341,the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method,in part 4 of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia;and the nine organochlorines were determined in accordance with the first method of general rule 2341,organochlorine pesticide residue determination method(chromatography),in part 4 of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.[Results]In the Herba Polygoni Chinensis from 13 origins,the lead contents were in the range of 0.50-3.28 mg/kg;the cadmium contents were in the range of 0.06-4.21 mg/kg;the arsenic contents were in the range of 0.16-6.9 mg/kg;the copper contents were in the range of 10.5-45.1 mg/kg;the mercury contents were in the range of 0.00-0.003 mg/kg;and the nine organochlorines including the total benzene hexachloride(α-BHC,β-BHC,γ-BHC,δ-BHC),total DDT(pp-DDE,pp-DDD,op-DDT,pp-DDT)and pentachloronitrobenzene were all not detected.Referring to part 4 of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the Cu and As of the Herba Polygoni Chinensis produced in Hezhou exceeded the standards,the Cu of the Herba Polygoni Chinensis produced in Wuzhou exceeded the standard,and the As of the Herba Polygoni Chinensis produced in Yulin City and Guilin City exceeded the standard.[Conclusions]This study provides safety limit test data for the development and utilization of Herba Polygoni Chinensis of the Zhuang medicine.

Towards the selectivity distinction of phenol hydrogenation on noble metal catalysts

Selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone is intriguing in chemical industry.Though a few catalysts with promising performances have been developed in recent years,the basic principle for catalyst design is still missing owing to the unclear catalytic mechanism.This work tries to unravel the mechanism of phenol hydro-genation and the reasons causing the selectivity discrepancy on noble metal catalysts under mild conditions.Results show that different reaction pathways always firstly converge to the formation of cyclohexanone under mild conditions.The selectivity discrepancy mainly depends on the activity for cyclohexanone sequential hy-drogenation,in which two factors are found to be responsible,i.e.the hydrogenation energy barrier and the competitive chemisorption between phenol and cyclohexanone,if the specific co-catalyzing effect of H 2 O on Ru is not considered.Based on the above results,a quantitative descriptor,E b(one/pl)/E a,in which E a can be further correlated to the d band center of the noble metal catalyst,is proposed by the first time to roughly evaluate and predict the selectivity to cyclohexanone for catalyst screening.

UCHL5 inhibits U251 glioma cell proliferation and tumor growth via stabilizing and deubiquitinating PTEN

Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor.Exploration of new tumorigenesis mechanism of glioma is critical to determine more effective treatment targets as well as to develop effective prognosis methods that can enhance the treatment efficacy.We previously demonstrated that the deubiquitinase biquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L5(UCHL5)was downregulated in human glioma.However,the effect and mechanism of UCHL5 on the proliferation of glioma cells remains unknown.Methods:Transfection of siRNA was used to knockdown the expression of UCHL5 in U251 cells.The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay,Edu assay,and colony formation assay were employed to identify the effect of UCHL5 on the proliferation of U251 glioma cells.Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR were carried out to detect the interaction of UCHL5 and PTEN.The effect of UCHL5 on the growth of glioma in vivo was evaluated in nude mice.Then Immunohistochemistry(IHC)were performed to analysis the expression of UCHL5 and PTEN in human glioma tissues.Results:Here,we have reported that silencing of UCHL5 could promote the proliferation of U251 glioma cells through MTT assay,Edu assay,and colony formation assay.Mechanically,we revealed that UCHL5 stabilizes the phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)expression by deubiquitination,thereby inhibiting cell proliferation in U251 cells.Tumor xenograft experiments further demonstrated that silencing the UCHL5 expression could accelerate U251 cell growth in vivo.Finally,in human glioma tissue microarray,the positive correlation between UCHL5 and PTEN expression was confirmed through IHC assay.Conclusion:UCHL5 restrains the proliferation of U251 glioma cells by stabilizing and deubiquitinating PTEN.Our findings provide ideas for developing enhanced targeted PTEN therapy for patients with glioma.

合成革用高光高透水性聚氨酯的构效关系

基于水基聚氨酯(WPU)结构与涂层光泽和透度的构效关系,制备了可满足合成革的光学性能要求的高光泽、高透度的水基聚氨酯,研究了不同二异氰酸酯、多元醇、硬段含量、亲水基团含量、乳胶粒径及分布、交联度和结晶度等结构因素对水基聚氨酯涂层光学性能的影响。结果表明,聚合物中所含基团的折光指数是影响涂层光学性能的重要因素,高折光率的芳环、酯键、氨基甲酸酯基和脲基能提高涂层光泽;高的硬段含量导致大分子链中氨基甲酸酯键或脲键含量增加,也能提高光泽度;水基聚氨酯的聚集态结构也是影响涂层光学性能的重要因素,结晶性的软、硬段会降低涂层的透光率,而共聚、引入侧基和交联破坏了大分子的规整性和结晶性,能改善涂层的透光度。水基聚氨酯的粒径对涂层的光泽亦产生重要影响,较小的乳胶粒径(<50 nm)将使涂层表面更平整光滑,涂层的光泽度更高。

Optimization of Minimum Power Output for Combined Heat and Power Units Considering Peak Load Regulation Ability

Northern China has rich wind power and photovoltaic renewable resources. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Units to meet the load demand and limit its peaking capacity in winter, to a certain extent, it results in structural problems of wind-solar power and thermoelectric. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a plurality of units together to ensure supply of heat load on the premise, by building a thermoelectric power peaking considering thermal load unit group dynamic scheduling model, to achieve the potential of different thermoelectric properties peaking units of the excavation. Simulation examples show, if the unit group exists obvious relationship thermoelectric individual differences, the thermal load dynamic scheduling can be more significantly improved overall performance peaking unit group, effectively increase clean energy consumptive.

Establishment of a Method for the Determination of Emodin in Wudajiangjun Liquor

[Objectives]To establish a method for the determination of emodin in Wudajiangjun liquor,a hospital preparation.[Methods]A high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method for the determination of emodin in Rhizoma Polygontum Cuspidatum in hospital preparation Wudajiangjun liquor was established.Using HPLC method,octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica gel was used as filler for the chromatographic column[Inertsil-C 18 chromatographic column(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)].Methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid water(76∶24)was used as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was 30℃,the detection wavelength was 254 nm,and the injection volume was 10μL.[Results]The content of emodin in Wudajiangjun liquor was determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC).When the injection volume of emodin was in the range of 5.45-54.5μg/mL,there was a good linear relationship between the injection volume and the peak area.The regression equation is Y=42.952-15.068(r=0.9998),the average recovery rate is 98.23%,and RSD=1.45%.[Conclusions]A method for the determination of emodin in Wudajiangjun liquor by HPLC was established.This method can be used as a quality control method for Wudajiangjun liquor with high accuracy and good repeatability,which lays a foundation for the quality control of the medicinal liquor.

客滚船助听系统的设计及应用

以广船国际为瑞典船东建造的某豪华客滚船为例,基于《客船老人及残疾人设计推荐指南》--MSC/Circular 735的要求,就助听系统在船上设计安装展开讨论,阐明系统的重要组成和设计关键点,通过分析论证及试验等方法解决现场安装难点,总结出设计及现场安装要点,为后续类似系统在船舶的应用提供参考。

Security-constrained Transmission Maintenance Optimization Considering Generation and Operational Risk Costs

With the large-scale integration of renewable energy,the traditional maintenance arrangement during the load valley period cannot satisfy the transmission demand of renewable energy generation.Simultaneously,in a market-oriented operation mode,the power dispatching control center aims to reduce the overall power purchase cost while ensuring the security of the power system.Therefore,a security-constrained transmission maintenance optimization model considering generation and operational risk costs is proposed herein.This model is built on double-layer optimization framework,where the upper-layer model is used for maintenance and generation planning,and the lowerlayer model is primarily used to address the operational security risk arising from the random prediction error and N-1 transmission failure.Correspondingly,a generation-maintenance iterative algorithm based on a defined cost feedback is included to increase solution efficiency.Generation cost is determined using long-term security-constrained unit commitment,and the operational risk cost is obtained using a double-layer N-1 risk assessment model.An electrical correlation coupling coefficient is proposed for the solution process to avoid maintenance of associated equipment simultaneously,thereby improving model convergence efficiency.The IEEE 118-bus system is used as a test case for illustration,and test results suggest that the proposed model and algorithm can reduce the total cost of transmission maintenance and system operation while effectively improving the solution efficiency of the joint optimization model.

Notoginsenoside R1 Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy through TXNIP-NLRP3 Signaling Pathway

Background:Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus(DM).DN results from many factors,including changes in glomerular hemodynamics,oxidative stress and inflammation,and in-terstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy.Panax notoginseng,a commonly used Chinese medicine,has been used in the treatment of kidney disease.Notoginsenoside R1(NGR1),the main compound isolated from P.notoginseng,has been reported to have a renoprotective role in DN.However,the therapeutic effect and mechanism of NGR1 in DN remain unclear.Objective:The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of NGR1 in DN.Methods:In this study,mouse podocytes(MPC-5 cells)and db/db mice were used to investigate the effect of NGR1 on DN in vitro and in vivo,respectively.Blood glucose,renal function,inflammatory factors,and PI3K/AKT-Nrf2-NLRP3 signaling pathway proteins were assessed.Results:The study results indicated that NGR1 reversed cell viability induced by high glucose(HG,30 mM).The related mechanism results showed that NGR1 decreased oxidative stress by inhibiting reactive oxygen species(ROS)level and upregulating the expression of Nrf2,NQO1,and HO-1 via TXNIP targeting.In addition,NLRP3 inflammasome and PI3K/AKT were engaged in NGR1-based protection against HG-stimulated podocytes.In db/db mice,NGR1 significantly decreased blood glucose,urine protein,urine output,blood urea nitrogen,and other parameters as well as reversed kidney injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and proinflammatory response.Conclusion:Taken together,this study revealed that NGR1 exerted a significant therapeutic effect on DN both in vitro and in vivo via a mechanism related to the TXNIP-Nrf2 pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome,suggesting that NGR1 is a potential therapeutic option for DN.

Zinc finger transcription factor Sp7/Osterix acts on bone formation and regulates col10a1a expression in zebrafish

Sp7/Osterix as a zinc finger transcription factor is expressed specifically in osteoblasts.Embryonic lethality of Sp7 knockout mice,however,has prevented from examining the functions of Sp7 in osteoblast and bone formation in live animals.Here we used TALEN,a versatile genome-editing tool,to generate one zebrafish sp7 mutant line.Homozygous sp7-/- mutant zebrafish are able to survive to adulthood.Alizarin Red staining and Micro-CT analysis showed that sp7-/- larvae and adult fish fail to develop normal opercula,and display curved tail fins and severe craniofacial malformation,while Alcian Blue staining showed no obvious cartilage defects in sp7-/- fish.Quantitative RT-PCR showed that a number of osteoblast markers including spp1,phex,col1 ala,and col1a1 b are significantly down-regulated in sp7-/- fish.Furthermore,col10a1 a,whose ortholog is the cartilage marker in mice,was shown to be a novel downstream gene of Sp7 as an osteoblast marker in zebrafish.Together,these results suggest that Sp7 is required for zebrafish bone development and zebrafish sp7 mutants provide animal models for investigating novel aspects of bone development.

Charge Transport in Oil Impregnated Paper Insulation Under Temperature Gradient Using Transient Upstream FEM

Charge transport in oil impregnated paper impacts the insulation performance of a transformer.This paper proposes a simulation method for the charge transport in oil impregnated paper insulation.The transient upstream finite element method(FEM)is applied to the transport equations of bipolar charges for establishing a numerical simulation model of charge transport in oil impregnated paper insulation.The method is validated by experimental results.The charge transport and electric field distribution in single-layer oil impregnated paper insulation under different temperature gradients is simulated.The trends of the simulation results are seen to agree with the corresponding experimental results.This paper conducts exploratory research into the simulation of charge transportation phenomenon in oil impregnated paper,and is of importance to the design of oil impregnated paper insulation.

Site-Specifc Gene Targeting Using Transcription Activator-Like Effector(TALE)-Based Nuclease in Brassica oleracea

Site-specific recognition modules with DNA nuclease have tremendous potential as molecular tools for genome targeting. The type III transcription activator-like effectors （TALEs） contain a DNA binding domain consisting of tandem repeats that can be engineered to bind user-defined specific DNA sequences. We demonstrated that customized TALE-based nucleases （TALENs）, constructed using a method called ＂unit assembly＂, specifically target the endogenous FRIGIDA gene in Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. The results indicate that the TALENs bound to the target site and cleaved double-strand DNA in vitro and in vivo, whereas the effector binding elements have a 23 bp spacer. The T7 endonuclease I assay and sequencing data show that TALENs made double-strand breaks, which were repaired by a non- homologous end-joining pathway within the target sequence. These data show the feasibility of applying customized TALENs to target and modify the genome with deletions in those organisms that are still in lacking gene target methods to provide germplasms in breeding improvement.

Exploration and functionalization of M1-macrophage extracellular vesicles for effective accumulation in glioblastoma and strong synergistic therapeutic effects

Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is a highly aggressive brain tumor with an extremely low survival rate.New and effective approaches for treatment are therefore urgently needed.Here,we successfully developed M1-like macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles(M1EVs)that overcome multiple challenges via guidance from two macrophage-related observations in clinical specimens from GBM patients:enrichment of M2 macrophages in GBM;and origination of a majority of infiltrating macrophage from peripheral blood.To maximize the synergistic effect,we further functionalized the membranes of M1EVs with two hydrophobic agents(the chemical excitation source CPPO(C)and the photosensitizer Ce6(C))and loaded the hydrophilic hypoxiaactivated prodrug AQ4N(A)into the inner core of the M1EVs.After intravenous injection,the inherent nature of M1-derived extracellular vesicles CCA-M1EVs allowed for blood-brain barrier penetration,and modulated the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment via M2-to-M1 polarization,which increased hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))levels.Furthermore,the reaction between H_(2)O_(2) and CPPO produced chemical energy,which could be used for Ce6 activation to generate large amounts of reactive oxygen species to achieve chemiexcited photodynamic therapy(CDT).As this reaction consumed oxygen,the aggravation of tumor hypoxia also led to the conversion of non-toxic AQ4N into toxic AQ4 for chemotherapy.Therefore,CCA-M1EVs achieved synergistic immunomodulation,CDT,and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy in GBM to exert a potent therapeutic effect.Finally,we demonstrated the excellent effect of CCA-M1EVs against GBM in cell-derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models,underscoring the strong potential of our highly flexible M1EVs system to support multi-modal therapies for difficult-to-treat GBM.