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第27章 认识平流层和中间层100年进步
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作者 马克·鲍德温 THOMAS BIRNER +14 位作者 guy brasseur JOHN BURROWS NEAL BUTCHART ROLANDO GARCIA MARVIN GELLER LESLEY GRAY KEVIN HAMILTON NILI HARNIK MICHAELA I.HEGGLIN ULRIKE LANGEMATZ ALAN ROBOCK KAORU SATO ADAM A.SCAIFE 贾朋群(编译) 李婧华(编译) 《气象科技进展》 2019年第S01期392-400,共9页
平流层包含地球大气质量的约17%,但其存在直到1902年才被认识到。随后数十年,随着更多的平流层观测,我们的认识逐渐增加。1913年,保护生命免遭有害紫外辐射伤害的臭氧层被发现。通过臭氧和水汽观测,第一个平流层大气环流的基本概念被提... 平流层包含地球大气质量的约17%,但其存在直到1902年才被认识到。随后数十年,随着更多的平流层观测,我们的认识逐渐增加。1913年,保护生命免遭有害紫外辐射伤害的臭氧层被发现。通过臭氧和水汽观测,第一个平流层大气环流的基本概念被提出。自1950年代以来,我们对平流层和中间层的认识快速扩展,该区域在气候系统中的重要性已经清晰。随着观测更多,一些新的平流层现象被发现:准两年振荡、平流层爆发性增温、南半球臭氧洞和平流层变率的地面影响。这些现象均没有被理论预料到。理论的进步更多地源自新的平流层观测中出现的无法解释的现象。自1960年代以来,动力过程和平流层-对流层耦合环流的重要性被认识到。自大约2000年以来,平流层--甚至是中间层--更好的表示开始包括在气候和天气模式中。我们现在知道,为了制作更准确的季节天气预报和预测气候长期变化及臭氧层未来演化,模式需要具有实际动力和化学解析完好的平流层。 展开更多
关键词 中间层 臭氧洞 大气质量 紫外辐射 动力过程 气候系统
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Resilience Building and Collaborative Governance for Climate Change Adaptation in Response to a New State of More Frequent and Intense Extreme Weather Events 被引量:1
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作者 Huiling Ouyang Xu Tang +5 位作者 Renhe Zhang Alexander Baklanov guy brasseur Rajesh Kumar Qunli Han Yong Luo 《International Journal of Disaster Risk Science》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第1期162-169,共8页
The weather conditions of the summer of 2022 were very unusual,particularly in Eastern Asia,Europe,and North America.The devasting impact of climate change has come to our attention,with much hotter and drier conditio... The weather conditions of the summer of 2022 were very unusual,particularly in Eastern Asia,Europe,and North America.The devasting impact of climate change has come to our attention,with much hotter and drier conditions,and with more frequent and intense flooding events.Some extreme events have reached a dangerous level,increasingly threatening human lives.The interconnected risks caused by these extreme disaster events are triggering a chain effect,forcing us to respond to these crises through changes in our living environment,which affect the atmosphere,the biosphere,the economy including the availability of energy,our cities,and our global society.Moreover,we have to confront the abnormal consequences of untypical,rapid changes of extreme events and fast switches between extreme states,such as from severe drought to devastating flooding.Recognizing this new situation,it is crucial to improve the adaptation capacity of our societies in order to reduce the risks associated with climate change,and to develop smarter strategies for climate governance.High-quality development must be science-based,balanced,safe,sustainable,and climate-resilient,supported by the collaborative governance of climate mitigation and adaptation.This article provides some recommendations and suggestions for resilience building and collaborative governance with respect to climate adaptation in response to a new planetary state that is characterized by more frequent and severe extreme weather events. 展开更多
关键词 Climate change adaptation Collaborative governance Extreme weather events Resilience building
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利用多模式最优集成方法预报上海PM2.5 被引量:7
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作者 瞿元昊 许建明 +3 位作者 guy brasseur 谢英 周广强 马井会 《环境科学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2018年第9期3449-3456,共8页
采用多模式最优集成方法(OCF),对PANDA项目中国和欧洲7个空气质量模式的PM_(2.5)预报结果进行集成释用.2016年6月—2017年5月对上海逐日预报试验结果表明:和最优单模式预报结果相比,OCF预报的PM_(2.5)日均质量浓度的均方根误差降低1.9μ... 采用多模式最优集成方法(OCF),对PANDA项目中国和欧洲7个空气质量模式的PM_(2.5)预报结果进行集成释用.2016年6月—2017年5月对上海逐日预报试验结果表明:和最优单模式预报结果相比,OCF预报的PM_(2.5)日均质量浓度的均方根误差降低1.9μg·m-3,相关系数提高0.04,日均质量浓度的精度评分TI提高了2.4,污染TS评分提高了0.28,污染空报率降低了20%,显著提高了PM_(2.5)污染等级预报、趋势预报和精度预报的技巧.对长三角合肥、南京、苏州、杭州、宁波5个城市的预报试验也得到类似的结果,为城市空气质量预报提供了新的方法和思路.但OCF对客观预报的改进幅度在夏季不如冬季显著,在降雨日相对较低. 展开更多
关键词 多模式最优集成 PM2.5 空气质量模式
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From concept to action: a united, holistic and One Health approach to respond to the climate change crisis
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作者 Renhe Zhang Xu Tang +23 位作者 Jian Liu Martin Visbeck Huadong Guo Virginia Murray Catherine Mcgillycuddy Bing Ke Gretchen Kalonji Panmao Zhai Xiaoming Shi Jiahai Lu Xiaonong Zhou Haidong Kan Qunli Han Qian Ye Yong Luo Jianmin Chen Wenjia Cai Huiling Ouyang Riyanti Djalante Alexander Baklanov Lu Ren guy brasseur George Fu Gao Lei Zhou 《Infectious Diseases of Poverty》 SCIE 2022年第1期68-73,共6页
It is unequivocal that human influence has warmed the planet,which is seriously affecting the planetary health including human health.Adapting climate change should not only be a slogan,but requires a united,holistic ... It is unequivocal that human influence has warmed the planet,which is seriously affecting the planetary health including human health.Adapting climate change should not only be a slogan,but requires a united,holistic action and a paradigm shift from crisis response to an ambitious and integrated approach immediately.Recognizing the urgent needs to tackle the risk connection between climate change and One Health,the four key messages and recommendations that with the intent to guide further research and to promote international cooperation to achieve a more climate-resilient world are provided. 展开更多
关键词 CLIMATE change One Health International COORDINATION and cooperation Risk-oriented RECOMMENDATIONS
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