Anti-inflammatory effects of Mangifera indica L.extract in a model of colitis

AIM:To investigate the effect of aqueous extract from Mangifera indica L.(MIE)on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats.METHODS:MIE(150 mg/kg)was administered in two different protocols:(1)rectally,over 7 d at the same time as DSS administration;and(2)once daily over 14 d (by oral gavage,7 d before starting DSS,and rectally for 7 d during DSS administration).General observations of clinical signs were performed.Anti-inflammatory activity of MIE was assessed by myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity. Colonic lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS).Reduced glutathione(GSH)levels,expression of inflammatory related mediators[inducible isoforms of nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2,respectively]and cytokines[tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αand TNF receptors 1 and 2]in colonic tissue were also assessed.Interleukin(IL)-6 and TNF-α serum levels were also measured. RESULTS:The results demonstrated that MIE has anti-inflammatory properties by improvement of clinical signs,reduction of ulceration and reduced MPO activity when administered before DSS.In addition,administration of MIE for 14 d resulted in an increase in GSH and reduction of TBARS levels and iNOS,COX-2, TNF-αand TNF R-2 expression in colonic tissue,and a decrease in IL-6 and TNF-αserum levels. CONCLUSION:MIE has anti-inflammatory activity in a DSS-induced rat colitis model and preventive administration(prior to DSS)seems to be a more effective protocol.

Topical Calendula officinalis L.inhibits inflammatory pain through antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and peripheral opioid mechanisms

Objective The present study evaluated the antinociceptive activity of Calendula officinalis L.(Ca)cream on inflammatory hypernociception.Methods Creams with different Ca concentrations were tested for their ability to ameliorate pain-related behavior and edema in rats using formalin test,carrageenan(Cg)-induced acute inflammation model,bradykinin(BK)-induced acute inflammation model,and complete Freund’s adjuvant(CFA)-induced chronic inflammation model.Using the formalin test,we also examined the implication of peripheral opioid receptors in the antinociceptive mechanisms of Ca cream,by means of Q-naloxone,a peripherally acting nonselective opioid antagonist.Furthermore,the effects of Ca cream compared with diclofenac on BK-induced edema were examined when the kininase II in tissue was preserved or inhibited by captopril.The local production of redox biomarkers in formalin model,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in Cg model and histopathological changes in CFA model were also evaluated.Results A single application of Ca cream at a dose of 10%or 30%(w/w)decreased the formalin-induced licking/biting behavior during both phases of this test in a Q-naloxone-sensitive manner.This effect was associated with the reduction of oxidative stress in the injured paw and the edema associated with the later phase of formalin-induced pain.A single application of Ca cream(10%or 30%)reduced paw edema and thermal hypernociception in Cg-induced acute inflammation,corresponding with a local decrease in TNF-α.Ca cream also inhibited BK-induced spontaneous nociceptive behavior and paw inflammation in both paradigms studied.Repeated applications of Ca cream also decreased CFA-induced chronic inflammation,mechanical hypernociception and histopathological changes in the paw.Conclusion These results reveal the topical antinociceptive and antiedematogenic effects of Ca cream.A modulatory action on peripheral opioid receptors associated with its antioxidant mechanism may be involved,at least in part,in its analgesic effects.These findings may have an impact on the clinical management of painful inflammatory diseases.