Critical bone defects are considered one of the major clinical challenges in reconstructive bone surgery.The combination of 3D printed conductive scaffolds and exogenous electrical stimulation(ES)is a potential favora...Critical bone defects are considered one of the major clinical challenges in reconstructive bone surgery.The combination of 3D printed conductive scaffolds and exogenous electrical stimulation(ES)is a potential favorable approach for bone tissue repair.In this study,3D conductive scaffolds made with biocompatible and biodegradable polycaprolactone(PCL)and multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)were produced using the extrusion-based additive manufacturing to treat large calvary bone defects in rats.Histology results show that the use of PCL/MWCNTs scaffolds and ES contributes to thicker and increased bone tissue formation within the bone defect.Angiogenesis and mineralization are also significantly promoted using high concentration of MWCNTs(3 wt%)and ES.Moreover,scaffolds favor the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)positive cell formation,while the addition of MWCNTs seems to inhibit the osteoclastogenesis but present limited effects on the osteoclast functionalities(receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand(RANKL)and osteoprotegerin(OPG)expressions).The use of ES promotes the osteoclastogenesis and RANKL expressions,showing a dominant effect in the bone remodeling process.These results indicate that the combination of 3D printed conductive PCL/MWCNTs scaffold and ES is a promising strategy to treat critical bone defects and provide a cue to establish an optimal protocol to use conductive scaffolds and ES for bone tissue engineering.展开更多
基金supported by the University of Manchester/King Saud University research grant“Multi scale bioactive scaffolds for bone regeneration”project and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council,the Global Challenges Research Fund(CRF),grant number EP/R01513/1this project is also financially supported by University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation-FHO and CNPq(“Conselho Nacional do desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico”)grant number 423710/2018-4.
文摘Critical bone defects are considered one of the major clinical challenges in reconstructive bone surgery.The combination of 3D printed conductive scaffolds and exogenous electrical stimulation(ES)is a potential favorable approach for bone tissue repair.In this study,3D conductive scaffolds made with biocompatible and biodegradable polycaprolactone(PCL)and multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)were produced using the extrusion-based additive manufacturing to treat large calvary bone defects in rats.Histology results show that the use of PCL/MWCNTs scaffolds and ES contributes to thicker and increased bone tissue formation within the bone defect.Angiogenesis and mineralization are also significantly promoted using high concentration of MWCNTs(3 wt%)and ES.Moreover,scaffolds favor the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)positive cell formation,while the addition of MWCNTs seems to inhibit the osteoclastogenesis but present limited effects on the osteoclast functionalities(receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand(RANKL)and osteoprotegerin(OPG)expressions).The use of ES promotes the osteoclastogenesis and RANKL expressions,showing a dominant effect in the bone remodeling process.These results indicate that the combination of 3D printed conductive PCL/MWCNTs scaffold and ES is a promising strategy to treat critical bone defects and provide a cue to establish an optimal protocol to use conductive scaffolds and ES for bone tissue engineering.
