Embracing the Future:AI and ML Transforming Urban Environments in Smart Cities

This research explores the increasing importance of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)with relation to smart cities.It discusses the AI and ML’s ability to revolutionize various aspects of urban environments,including infrastructure,governance,public safety,and sustainability.The research presents the definition and characteristics of smart cities,highlighting the key components and technologies driving initiatives for smart cities.The methodology employed in this study involved a comprehensive review of relevant literature,research papers,and reports on the subject of AI and ML in smart cities.Various sources were consulted to gather information on the integration of AI and ML technologies in various aspects of smart cities,including infrastructure optimization,public safety enhancement,and citizen services improvement.The findings suggest that AI and ML technologies enable data-driven decision-making,predictive analytics,and optimization in smart city development.They are vital to the development of transport infrastructure,optimizing energy distribution,improving public safety,streamlining governance,and transforming healthcare services.However,ethical and privacy considerations,as well as technical challenges,need to be solved to guarantee the ethical and responsible usage of AI and ML in smart cities.The study concludes by discussing the challenges and future directions of AI and ML in shaping urban environments,highlighting the importance of collaborative efforts and responsible implementation.The findings highlight the transformative potential of AI and ML in optimizing resource utilization,enhancing citizen services,and creating more sustainable and resilient smart cities.Future studies should concentrate on addressing technical limitations,creating robust policy frameworks,and fostering fairness,accountability,and openness in the use of AI and ML technologies in smart cities.

Role of extracellular vesicles secretion in paclitaxel resistance of prostate cancer cells

Aim:The development of chemotherapy resistance is the major obstacle in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer(PCa).Extracellular vesicles(EVs)secretion plays a significant role among different mechanisms contributing to chemoresistance.Hence,inhibition of EVs release may increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs against PCa.Methods:Paclitaxel(PTX)resistant PCa cells(PC3-R and DU145-R)were treated with GW4869,a known exosome biogenesis inhibitor.EVs were isolated from the conditioned media by ExoQuick-based precipitation method and characterized for concentration and size distribution by nanoparticle tracking analysis.The effect of GW4869 treatment on the survival and growth of PCa cells was assessed by MTT,and colony formation assays in vitro,and ectopic PC3-R xenografts in male athymic nude mice in vivo.The effect of other EV biogenesis inhibitors,imipramine and dimethyl amiloride(DMA),treatment was also analyzed on the survival of PC3-R cells.Results:GW4869(10-20μM)treatment of PTX resistant PCa cells significantly reduced the release of small EVs(50-100 nm size range)while increasing the release of larger EVs(>150 nm in size),and inhibited their clonogenicity.Moreover,GW4869(5-20μM)treatment(24-72h)significantly inhibited the survival of PC3-R cells in a dose-dependent manner.We observed a similar growth inhibition with both imipramine(5-20μg/mL)and DMA(5-20μg/mL)treatment in PC3-R cells.Furthermore,GW4869 treatment(IP)in mice bearing PC3-R xenografts significantly reduced the tumor weight(65%reduction,P=0.017)compared to the vehicle-treated control mice without causing any noticeable toxicity.Conclusion:Inhibiting the release of EVs could sensitize the resistant PCa cells to chemotherapy.