Dispersal behaviors stimulated by habitat alterations in golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana)in the Qinling Mountains, China

DEAR EDITOR,Combining location data, species distribution modeling(Max Ent), and major conservation events, we analyzed historical distribution changes in golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the Qinling Mountains of China.

Persistent left superior vena cava in right hemiarch replacement under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest:A case report

BACKGROUND Persistent left superior vena cava(PLSVC),a relatively rare thoracic vascular malformation,can inconvenience perfusionists and operators when encountered during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(DHCA).CASE SUMMARY Herein,we describe the case of a patient with concurrent giant aortic arch aneurysm,aortic stenosis,and PLSVC.To treat these conditions,we performed right hemiarch and aortic valve replacements under DHCA.Notably,we applied“bilateral superior vena cava retrograde cerebral perfusion(RCP)”for cerebral protection,which significantly optimized the surgical procedure and reduced the risk of postoperative complications.The patient was discharged 14 d after surgery with no complications.CONCLUSION Surgical intervention for PLSVC under DHCA can be performed using the bilateral superior vena cava RCP approach.

Injectable Self‑Healing Adhesive pH‑Responsive Hydrogels Accelerate Gastric Hemostasis and Wound Healing

Endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)are well-established therapeutics for gastrointestinal neoplasias,but complications after EMR/ESD,including bleeding and perforation,result in additional treatment morbidity and even threaten the lives of patients.Thus,designing biomaterials to treat gastric bleeding and wound healing after endoscopic treatment is highly desired and remains a challenge.Herein,a series of injectable pH-responsive selfhealing adhesive hydrogels based on acryloyl-6-aminocaproic acid(AA)and AA-g-N-hydroxysuccinimide(AA-NHS)were developed,and their great potential as endoscopic sprayable bioadhesive materials to efficiently stop hemorrhage and promote the wound healing process was further demonstrated in a swine gastric hemorrhage/wound model.The hydrogels showed a suitable gelation time,an autonomous and efficient self-healing capacity,hemostatic properties,and good biocompatibility.With the introduction of AA-NHS as a micro-cross-linker,the hydrogels exhibited enhanced adhesive strength.A swine gastric hemorrhage in vivo model demonstrated that the hydrogels showed good hemostatic performance by stopping acute arterial bleeding and preventing delayed bleeding.A gastric wound model indicated that the hydrogels showed excellent treatment effects with significantly enhanced wound healing with type I collagen deposition,α-SMA expression,and blood vessel formation.These injectable self-healing adhesive hydrogels exhibited great potential to treat gastric wounds after endoscopic treatment.

Preparation of WC/CoCrFeNiAl0.2 high-entropy-alloy composites by high-gravity combustion synthesis

The WC/CoCrFeNiAl0.2 high-entropy alloy(HEA)composites were prepared through high-gravity combustion synthesis.The preparation method is presented below.First,using a designed suitable multiphase thermite system,the molten CoCrFeNiAl0.2 HEA was fabricated using low-cost metal oxides.The molten HEA was subsequently infiltrated into the WC layer to fabricate WC/CoCrFeNiAl0.2 composites in a highgravity field.The porosity of the WC/CoCrFeNiAl0.2 composites was down-regulated,and their compressive yield strength was up-regulated when the high-gravity field was increased from 600g to 1500g because this infiltration process of a HEA melt into the WC layer is driven by centrifugal force.The WC particles in the composites exhibited a gradient distribution along the direction of the centrifugal force,which was attributed to the combined action of the high-gravity field and the temperature gradient field.The Vickers hardness of the sample was down-regulated from 9.53 to 7.41 GPa along the direction of the centrifugal force.

Effect of oxygen partial pressure and transparent substrates on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films and their performance in energy harvesters

Zinc oxide(ZnO) thin films were deposited onto different substrates — tin-doped indium oxide(ITO)/glass, ITO/polyethylene naphthalate(PEN), ITO/polyethylene terephthalate(PET) — by the radio-frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering method. The effect of various O2/(Ar+O2) gas flow ratios(0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) was studied in detail. ZnO layers deposited onto ITO/PEN and ITO/PET substrates exhibited a stronger c-axis preferred orientation along the(0002) direction compared to ZnO deposited onto ITO/glass. The transmittance spectra of ZnO films showed that the maximum transmittances of ZnO films deposited onto ITO/glass, ITO/PEN, and ITO/PET substrates were 89.2%, 65.0%, and 77.8%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images of the film surfaces indicated that the grain was uniform. The cross-sectional SEM images showed that the ZnO films were columnar structures whose c-axis was perpendicular to the film surface. The test results for a fabricated ZnO thin film based energy harvester showed that its output voltage increased with increasing acceleration of external vibration.

Climate change challenge, extinction risk, and successful conservation experiences for a threatened primate species in China: Golden snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana)

DEAR EDITOR, Despite the vulnerability of primates to the negative impacts of human activities and climate change, there is still room for optimism. Notably, years of conservation efforts may have paid off for the golden snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana). Our field surveys confirmed the existence of 188 to 220 wild multilevel societies(MLS) of R. roxellana, with an estimated 22 710 to 26 130 individuals in 2019。

Entropy Production along Dominant Pathway of Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in Mesoscopic Chemical System

We consider a bistable mesoscopic chemical reaction system and calculate entropy produc- tion along the dominant pathway during nonequilibrium phase transition. Using probability generating function method and eikonal approximation, we first convert the chemical master equation into the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation, and then find the dominant pathways between two steady states in the phase space by calculating zero-energy trajectories. We find that entropy productions are related to the actions of the forward and backward dominant pathways. At the coexistence point where the stabilities of the two steady states are equiv alent, both the system entropy change and the medium entropy change are zero; whereas at non-coexistence point both of them are nonzero.

Green recycling of short-circuited garnet-type electrolyte for high-performance solid-state lithium batteries

Solid-state lithium batteries(SSLBs)solve safety issues and are potentially energy-dense alternatives to next-generation energy storage systems.Battery green recycling routes are responsible for the widespread use of SSLBs due to minimizing environmental contamination,reducing production costs,and providing a sustainable solution for resources,e.g.,saving rare earth elements(La,Ta,etc.).Herein,a solid-state recycling strategy is proposed to achieve green recycling of the crucial component solidstate electrolytes(SSEs)in spent SSLBs.The short-circuited garnet Li_(6.5)La_(3)Zr_(1.5)Ta_(0.5)O_(12)(LLZTO)is broken into fine particles and mixed with fresh particles to improve sintering activity and achieve high packing density.The continuous Li absorption process promotes sufficient grain fusion and guarantees the transformation from tetragonal phase to pure cubic phase for high-performance recycled LLZTO.The Li-ion conductivity reaches 5.80×10^(-4)S cm-1with a relative density of 95.9%.Symmetric Li cell with asrecycled LLZTO shows long-term cycling stability for 700 h at 0.3 mA cm^(-2)without any voltage hysteresis.Full cell exhibits an excellent cycling performance with a discharge capacity of 141.5 mA h g^(-1)and a capacity retention of 92.1%after 400 cycles(0.2C).This work develops an environmentally friendly and economically controllable strategy to recycle SSE from spent SSLBs,guiding future directions of SSLBs large-scale industrial application and green recycling study.

高温非均质油藏聚合物凝胶调驱实验研究

华北油田高温非均质油藏经过长期开采后,含水率高且非均质性进一步增强,而常规化学驱油措施控水增油效果较差。针对这一问题,通过室内体系筛选、物理模拟与理论分析相结合,研究了聚合物凝胶的抗高温性能、调剖效果以及控水增油能力。结果表明:筛选出的凝胶体系具有优异的抗高温性能与黏弹性模量,完全成胶后黏度最高可达4371.2 mPa·s,经30天高温老化后,黏度保留率为90.5%,弹性模量和黏性模量分别为10.4和1.3 Pa。同时该体系具有较强的封堵能力,在一定渗透率级差范围内,该体系的剖面改善能力与控水增油能力随着渗透率级差的增大而增大。当渗透率级差从2.13增加到8.16时,调剖后剖面改善率从58%增加到92.8%;当渗透率级差从2.06增加到8.08时,调驱后采收率增幅从10.2%增加到19.5%。

Three-dimensional assessment of movement patterns of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys affected by habitat structure in temperate forests

DEAR EDITOR,Movement patterns can reflect species-specific characteristics of individuals and animal groups at a given scale. Accurate three-dimensional(3D) assessment can quantify the relationship between movement patterns of an animal and its unique habitat. Here, we evaluated the effects of habitat structure on movement patterns of the golden snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana). We used airborne light detection and ranging(LiDAR) to map the 3D structure of the temperate forest in the Qinling Mountains(Shaanxi, China).

Water as dispersion medium to fabricate homogeneous nanohectorite solid-state electrolyte for suppressing lithium dendrite

The rational design of green chemical,low-cost,and highly efficient solid-state electrolytes for Li-metal anode is a promising but still challenging strategy for preventing Li dendrite growth and developing safe and ultralong cycle life Li-metal batteries.Herein,a homogeneous composite solid polymer electrolyte(CSPE)is fabricated with water as the ideal dispersion medium,hectorite(Ht)as nanofiller,and poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)as the matrix,to guide uniform Li plating/stripping.Benefiting from the merit of Ht can form uniformly dispersed nanosheets in water,the obtained CSPE inheres to a low melting point,robust mechanical property,and high Li^(+)transference number.Moreover,the fabricated Li symmetric battery using PEO-Ht-LiClO_(4)CSPE keeps cycling steadily for 4000 h.The well demonstrated water-based CSPE paves the way for developing low-cost,environmentally friendly,and safe solid-state electrolytes for Li-metal batteries.

Energy band modulation of N-doped rutile/anatase TiO_(2) photoanode promoting charge separation toward prominent photoelectrochemical performance

To solve the problem of high photogenerated carrier recombination rate and low photoelectric conversion efficiency of TiO_(2)-based materials,a simple N-doped anatase/rutile TiO_(2) heterophase nanorod film was designed by a low-temperature hydrothermal method in this work.The enhanced separation and transport of photogenerated charges were facilitated by the smaller contact barrier and appropriate band matching between anatase TiO_(2)nanoparticles and rutile TiO_(2) nanorods.The introduction of N doping in anatase TiO_(2) resulted in an upward shift of the valence band and a narrowing of the band gap,consequently enhancing the efficiency of visible light utilization.The combination of the heterophase junction and N-doping exhibited a synergistic effect,effectively suppressing the recombination of photogenerated charges and enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photoanode.Under AM 1.5G irradiation,the photocurrent density(J)of the A-TO(N)@R-TONR photoanode reached2.19 mA·cm^(-2)(V_(RHE,1.23 eV)).Additionally,the incident photon-electron conversion efficiency(IPCE)and the charge injection efficiency(η)reached 81.4%and 51.6%at320 nm.Furthermore,the J,IPCE,andηvalues of the A-TO(N)@R-TONR photoanode were 2.96,2.1 and 3.2times those of pure R-TONR photoanode,respectively.This work presents a rational strategy for designing efficient TiO_(2)-based photoanodes.

Implications of agricultural success in the Yellow River Basin and its strategy for green development

The Yellow River Basin is an important food production area and an ecological challenge for China, where environmental protection and water scarcity are the major constraints. For the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin,optimizing the adoption of chemicals in agricultural production and integrating crops with livestock are the key strategies for protecting the eco-environment.For dryland agriculture in the middle and upper reaches, this study summarizes four aspects of efficient precipitation techniques in terms of collection,storage, conservation, and use, which have greatly improved crop yields and supported dryland crop production. Irrigated agriculture in the middle and lower reaches is the core area of China's grain production, where the area under water-saving irrigation reached 13.0 Mha in 2018, greatly improving water use. Compared with 1998, cereal production in 2018 increased by 62.2 Mt under similar total water withdrawals(49.7 billion to 51.6 billion m~3),and the annual soil erosion at the Tongguan Hydrological Observatory reduced by 584 million m~3 in 2018, achieving great success in environmental protection and efficient water use. The Chinese government has set a goal for the Yellow River Basin to become the national leader in environmental protection and efficient water use by 2035. Such a high demand requires the combined efforts of the whole community, as well as the adoption of new technologies,coordinated basin-wide development, and adequate policy support.

SDBS/(C_(12)-4-C_(12))Br_(2)复配微乳液相行为影响因素研究

微乳液因其优良特性被广泛应用于三次采油、化妆品、食品工业等领域。为了探究阴/阳离子表面活性剂复配微乳液体系的相行为影响因素,研究了SDBS与(C_(12)-4-C_(12))Br_(2)的最佳摩尔比以及盐度、表面活性剂质量分数、油水比的影响。研究表明,对于SDBS-(C_(12)-4-C_(12))Br_(2)/正丁醇/Na Cl/水/煤油体系,增溶参数随着SDBS与(C_(12)-4-C_(12))Br_(2)摩尔比的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,最终确定SDBS与(C_(12)-4-C_(12))Br_(2)的最佳摩尔比为0.7∶1。盐扫实验中,随着Na Cl质量分数的增加,体系呈现出Winsor Ⅰ型→Winsor Ⅲ型→Winsor Ⅱ型的相态转变。油扫实验中,随着油水比的增加,当Na Cl质量分数较低时,体系发生由胶团溶液到Winsor Ⅰ型的转变;当Na Cl质量分数足够高时,体系呈现出Winsor Ⅱ型→Winsor Ⅲ型→WinsorⅠ型的相态转变。此外Winsor Ⅲ型微乳液形成和消失所需要的油量随着NaCl和复合表面活性剂的质量分数增加而增加。

Endoplasmic reticulum stress sensitizes human esophageal cancer cell to radiation

AIM:To investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress in cancer radiotherapy and its molecular mechanism.METHODS:Tunicamycin(TM) was applied to induce ER stress in human esophageal cancer cell line EC109,and the radiosensitization effects were detected by acute cell death and clonogenic survival assay.Cell cycle arrest induced by TM was determined by flow cytometric analysis after the cellular DNA content was labeled with propidium iodide.Apoptosis of EC109 cells induced by TM was detected by annexin V staining and Western blotting of caspase-3 and its substrate poly ADP-ribose polymerase.Autophagic response was determined by acridine orange(AO) staining and Western blotting of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain-3(LC3) and autophagy related gene 5(ATG5).In order to test the biological function of autophagy,specific inhibitor or Beclin-1 knockdown was used to inhibit autophagy,and its effect on cell apoptosis was thus detected.Additionally,involvement of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase(PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of the rapamycin(mTOR) pathway was also detected by Western blotting.Finally,male nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with EC109 cells were used to confirm cell model observations.RESULTS:Our results showed that TM treatment enhanced cell death and reduced the colony survival fraction induced by ionizing radiation(IR),which suggested an obvious radiosensitization effect of TM.Moreover,TM and IR combination treatment led to a significant increase of G2/M phase and apoptotic cells,compared with IR alone.We also observed an increase of AO positive cells,and the protein level of LC3-II and ATG5 was induced by TM treatment,which suggested an autophagic response in EC109 cells.However,inhibition of autophagy by using a chemical inhibitor or Beclin-1 silencing led to increased cell apoptosis and decreased cell viability,which suggested a cytoprotective role of autophagy in stressed EC109 cells.Furthermore,TM treatment also activated mTORC1,and in turn reduced Akt phosphorylation,which suggested the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway was involved in the TM-induced autophagic response in EC109 cells.Tumor xenograft results also showed synergistic retarded tumor growth by TM treatment and IR,as well as the involvement of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.CONCLUSION:Our data showed that TM treatment sensitized human esophageal cancer cells to radiation via apoptosis and autophagy both in vitro and in vivo.

兰新铁路第二双线大风规律及影响分析

利用兰新铁路第二双线16个新建气象站2010年7月1日至2014年6月30日多层高度风向、风速资料,对兰新铁路第二双线沿线10 m高度和近地层大风分布规律进行分析。结果表明,兰新铁路第二双线沿线10 min平均风速、极大风速变化趋势基本一致,但风速最大站与最小站的差异显著;风速具有明显的日变化、月变化以及季节变化特征,且变化特征较为一致;兰新第二双线存在4个相对风速大值区—白洋河特大桥至头道河段、红台南至了墩南、烟墩风区西侧至红柳河特大桥段及安北车站东南段;风向方面,从白杨河特大桥至百里风区东侧以偏西、偏北风为主,烟墩风区西侧至玉门地窝铺大桥以偏东风为主;兰新铁路第二双线沿线近地层梯度风从由低到高风速逐渐增加,但增大幅度略有差异;典型大风天气过程中,大风维持时间与四大风速大值区有较好的对应关系,大风持续时间和铁路运营停轮时间均在白杨河特大桥至头道河段最多。

In situ Injectable Tetra-PEG Hydrogel Bioadhesive for Sutureless Repair of Gastrointestinal Perforation

Hydrogel bioadhesives represent promising and efficient alternatives to sutures or staples for gastrointestinal(GI)perforation management.However,several concerns remain for the existing bioadhesives including slow and/or weak adhesive,poor mechanical strength,low biocompatibility,and poor biodegradability,which largely limit their clinical application in GI perforation repair.In this work,we introduce an in situ injectable Tetra-PEG hydrogel bioadhesive(SS)composed of tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol)amine(Tetra-PEG-NH2)and tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol)succinimidyl succinate(Tetra-PEG-SS)for the sutureless repair of GI defects.The SS hydrogel exhibits rapid gelation behavior and high burst pressure and is capable of providing instant robust adhesion and fluid-tight sealing in the ex vivo porcine intestinal and gastric models.Importantly,the succinyl ester linkers in the SS hydrogel endow the bioadhesive with suitable in vivo degradability to match the new GI tissue formation.The in vivo evaluation in the rat GI injured model further demonstrates the successful sutureless sealing and repair of the intestine and stomach by the SS hydrogel with the advantages of neglectable postsurgical adhesion,suppressed inflammation,and enhanced angiogenesis.Together,our results support potential clinical applications of the SS bioadhesive for the high-efficient repair of GI perforation.

Terpyridine-Grafted Nitrogen-Terminal Endowing Cyanine with Metal-Ion-Regulated Photophysical Properties for Cancer Theranostics

Heptamethine cyanines(Cy7)are one of the most important dyes in bioimaging and phototherapy,but they often suffer from poor photostability or limited photothermal conversion efficiency.Here,a facile molecular engineering approach to regulating the photophysical properties of Cy7 by metal ions is demonstrated.By innovatively modifying the nitrogen with functional groups,a novel terpyridine-grafted nitrogen-terminated Cy7 scaffold(denoted as CydtPy)was synthesized and exhibited tunable photophysical properties when chelating with various metal ions(Mn^(2+),Fe^(2+),etc.).In comparison with metal-ion-free PEGylated CydtPy(LET-11),Mn^(2+)-chelated LET-11(namely,LET-11-Mn)exhibited the increased fluorescence emission intensity,and Fe^(2+)-chelated LET-11(namely,LET-11-Fe)showed the enhanced photostability with~2-fold increase in photothermal conversion efficiency.By simply switching the chelated metal ion species,LET-11-Mn or LET-11-Fe could be used for near-infrared fluorescence imaging,magnetic resonance imaging,or photoacoustic imaging.Furthermore,LET-11-Fe displayed superior synergistic efficacy of photothermal therapy and chemodynamic therapy both in vitro and in vivo.This work not only provides a new strategy for regulating the photophysical properties of cyanine dyes but also establishes a versatile nanoplatform for cancer theranostics.

Graphene quantum dots modulated solution-derived InGaO thin-film transistors and stress stability exploration

Graphene quantum dots(GQDs)doped InGaO(IGO)thin film transistors(TFTs)have been fabricated based on solution-driven ZrO_(x) as gate dielectrics.Compare to pure IGO TFTs,superior electrical performance of the GQDs-IGO TFTs can be achieved by adjusting the doping concentration.It has been demonstrated that GQDs-modified IGO TFTs devices with GQDs doping content of0.3 mg·ml^(-1)have the optimized performances,including field-effect mobility(μ_(FE))of 22.02 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),on/off current ratio(I_(on)/I_(off))of 7.06×10^(7),subthreshold swing(SS)of 0.09 V·dec^(-1),hysteresis of 0.04 V and interfacial trap states(D_(it))of 1.03×10^(12)cm^(-2).In addition,bias stress and illumination stress tests have been performed and excellent stability has been achieved for optimized GQDs-IGO-TFTs.The GQDs-IGO TFTs device showed smaller threshold voltage shift of 0.12 and 0.04 V under positive bias stress(PBS)test and negative bias stress(NBS)test for 3600 s,respectively.And it showed smaller threshold voltage shift of 0.27 and 0.34 V for red light under the PBS and NBS test for 3600 s,respectively.Meanwhile,it showed smaller threshold voltage shift of0.20 and 0.22 V for green light under PBS and NBS test for3600 s,respectively.It also showed smaller threshold voltage shift of 0.17 and 0.12 V for blue under the positive bias illumination stress(PBIS)test and negative bias illumination stress(NBIS)test for 3600 s,respectively.Lowfrequency noise(LFN)characteristics of GQDs-IGO/ZrO_(x)TFTs indicated that the noise source came from the fluctuations in mobility.Finally,a low voltage resistor-loaded unipolar inverter has been built based on GQDs-IGO/ZrO_(x)TFT,demonstrating good dynamic response behavior and a maximum gain of 7.4.These experimental results have suggested that solution-processed GQDs-IGO/ZrO_(x)TFT may envision potential applications in low-cost and large-area electronics.

Pyrene-tethered bismoviologens for visible light-induced C(sp^(3))-P and C(sp^(2))-P bonds formation

Developing efficient photosensitizers for C-P bond construction is highly important and remains a challenge due to the urgently needed for the synthesis of modified nucleosides,nucleotides,and other phosphine-containing ligands.Herein,two pyrene-tethered bismoviologen derivatives(Py-BiV^(2+))were designed and synthesized for visible-light-induced C-P bonds formation.The photochemical and electrochemical properties of Py-BiV^(2+)were studied systemically,certifying fine-tunable opto-electronic properties through the number of pyrene groups(4,n=1;6,n=2).The prepared Py-BiV^(2+)showed strong light absorption,while retaining good redox features and chromic response features that were inherent to viologens.4 exhibited accelerated photoinduced electron transfer in the presence of the electron donor(pyrene)and the generated 4(radical cation)showed higher stability.Accordingly,Py-BiV^(2+)directly served as photosensitizers for the first time in the visible-light-induced C(sp^(3))-P and C(sp^(2))-P bonds formation.As expected,these novel viologen derivatives exhibited good catalytic performance and good substrate expansibility under ambient conditions.