Aliphatic biomarker signatures of early Oligocene-early Miocene source rocks in the central Qiongdongnan Basin:Source analyses of organic matter

The geochemical signatures of fifty-four rock samples and three supplementary drill stem test(DST)oils from the Yacheng-Sanya formations in the central Qiongdongnan Basin(CQB)were analysed.Reconstruction of the early Oligocene-early Miocene(36–16 Ma)palaeovegetation and source analyses of organic matter(OM)were conducted using aliphatic biomarkers in ancient sediments and DST oils.Both the interpreted aquatic and terrigenous OM contributed to the CQB source rocks(SRs)but had varying relative proportions.The four distribution patterns derived from n-alkanes,terpanes,and steranes are representative of four OM composition models of the Yacheng-Sanya SRs,including model A,model B,model C,and model D,which were classified based on the increasing contribution from terrigenous OM relative to aquatic OM.Some terrigenous higher plantderived biomarkers,including oleanane,des-A-oleanane,C_(29)ααα20R sterane,bicadinanes,the C_(19)/(C_(19)+C_(23))tricyclic terpane ratio,and other n-alkane-derived ratios suggest that angiosperms had increased proportions in the palaeoflora from early Oligocene to early Miocene,and the bloom of terrigenous higher plants was observed during deposition of upper Lingshui Formation to lower Sanya Formation.These findings are consistent with the incremental total organic carbon and free hydrocarbons+potential hydrocarbons(S_1+S_2)in the lower Lingshuilower Sanya strata with a significant enrichment of OM in the E_3l_1-N_1s_2 shales.The maturity-and environmentsensitive aliphatic parameters of the CQB SRs and DST oils suggest that all the samples have predominantly reached their early oil-generation windows but have not exceeded the peak oil windows,except for some immature Sanya Formation shales.In addition,most of the OM in the analysed samples was characterised by mixed OM contributions under anoxic to sub-anoxic conditions.Furthermore,terrestrial-dominant SRs were interpreted to have developed mainly in the Lingshui-Sanya formations and were deposited in sub-oxic to oxic environments,compared to the anoxic to sub-anoxic conditions of the Yacheng Formation.

角膜生物力学与光密度相关性研究

目的:探究角膜生物力学与角膜光密度的相关性。方法:前瞻性研究。选取2019-03/06在云南省第二人民医院拟行角膜屈光手术术前检查的患者为研究对象。采用Pentacam HR眼前节分析系统进行角膜光密度测量,以角膜顶点为中心,分为0~2mm、> 2~6mm、> 6~10mm直径范围3个区域,以角膜厚度分为前、中、后3层。选取Pentacam HR中角膜最薄点厚度值纳入研究。采用Corvis ST角膜生物力学分析仪测量,相关参数包括第一次压平的长度(AP1L)和速率(AP1V)、第2次压平的长度(AP2L)和速率(AP2V)、最大凹陷时顶点距离(PD)、曲率半径(HCR)和形变幅度(DA)。运用Pentacam&Corvis ST生物力学联合诊断平台软件综合分析检查结果,得出综合角膜生物力学参数(CBI)以及其它独立参数包括硬度参数(SP)、综合半径(IR)、Ambrosio相关厚度-水平方向(ARTh)、形变幅度比(DAR)。各区域光密度间差异采用方差分析,角膜生物力学各项参数与各区域光密度的相关性采用Pearson或Spearman分析。结果:不同直径范围、不同层面间光密度有差异(F=35.101,P<0.01;F=1002.897,P<0.01),CBI与独立生物力学参数中AP2L、AP2V、PD、DA、SP、IR、ARTh、DAR具有相关性(rs=-0.502,P<0.01;rs=-0.457,P=0.001;rs=0.428,P=0.002;rs=0.539,P<0.01;rs=-0.687,P<0.01;rs=0.716,P<0.01;rs=-0.728,P<0.01;rs=0.750,P<0.01)。CBI与角膜0~2mm范围内光密度呈正相关(r=0.343,P=0.015)。0~2mm范围内光密度与独立生物力学参数中AP2L、IR、ARTh、DAR有相关性(rs=-0.298,P=0.035;rs=0.368,P=0.009;rs=-0.419,P=0.002;rs=0.493,P<0.01)。结论:角膜中央区域光密度与角膜生物力学具有显著的关联,临床中可以通过光密度和生物力学对角膜健康状况进行综合评价。

飞秒激光微小切口基质透镜取出术基质切削可预测性研究

目的:比较飞秒激光微小切口基质透镜取出术(SMILE)术后角膜基质实际切削量与术前预测量间差别,评估SMILE基质切削的可预测性与精确性。方法:前瞻性研究。选取2019-01/07在云南大学附属医院行SMILE术近视矫正患者113例220眼,术前,术后1、3mo行常规检查,包括视力、非接触式眼压、等值球镜度(SE)、角膜平均曲率、角膜前表面球面系数、Pentacam眼前节分析。随机选取研究对象中102眼于术前及术后3mo运用A超角膜测厚仪测量角膜中央厚度(CCT)。术后实际切削量为术前角膜最薄点厚度与术后角膜最薄点厚度的差值,误差量为术前预计切削量与术后实际切削量的差值。观察切削误差大小,并对误差量与术前各生理参数进行相关性分析。结果:SMILE术后效果良好,术后1、3mo角膜形态和视力相对稳定。A超角膜厚度测厚仪测量数据与Pentacam眼前节分析系统中角膜最薄点数据一致性较好。术前预计切削量101.36±18.91μm,术后1、3mo实际切削量88.89±18.69、84.95±18.64μm比较有差异(F=334.65,P<0.01),术后1、3mo时切削误差量为12.59±9.78、16.50±9.21μm,两者间比较有差异(t=-8.370,P<0.01)。术后1、3mo切削误差量均只与术前SE具有相关性(r=0.299,P<0.01;r=0.305,P<0.01)。术后1、3mo SE与同时间点切削误差量具有相关性(r=-0.275,P<0.01;r=-0.306,P<0.01),随着切削量误差增加,术后等值球镜向负镜度偏移。结论:SMILE术后角膜基质实际切削量小于术前预测切削量,随着术前屈光度增大,预测切削误差亦增大;随着误差量增大,术后屈光度逐渐呈负向偏移,但此误差在术后早期并未影响目标视力。

A Hierarchy Distributed-Agents Model for Network Risk Evaluation Based on Deep Learning

Deep Learning presents a critical capability to be geared into environments being constantly changed and ongoing learning dynamic,which is especially relevant in Network Intrusion Detection.In this paper,as enlightened by the theory of Deep Learning Neural Networks,Hierarchy Distributed-Agents Model for Network Risk Evaluation,a newly developed model,is proposed.The architecture taken on by the distributed-agents model are given,as well as the approach of analyzing network intrusion detection using Deep Learning,the mechanism of sharing hyper-parameters to improve the efficiency of learning is presented,and the hierarchical evaluative framework for Network Risk Evaluation of the proposed model is built.Furthermore,to examine the proposed model,a series of experiments were conducted in terms of NSLKDD datasets.The proposed model was able to differentiate between normal and abnormal network activities with an accuracy of 97.60%on NSL-KDD datasets.As the results acquired from the experiment indicate,the model developed in this paper is characterized by high-speed and high-accuracy processing which shall offer a preferable solution with regard to the Risk Evaluation in Network.

Reconstruction of the thoracic tracheal defects with portions of deepithelialized myocutaneous flaps after resection of a large tumor

Objective： To study the possibility of using portions of deepithelialized myocutaneous flaps to the reconstruction of thoracic tracheal defects after resection of a large tumor. Methods： From June 2007 to June 2012, five cases of defects of the thoracic trachea were reconstructed by applying portions of deepithelialized myocutaneous flaps. The patients were 27-61 years old with 4 male cases and 1 female. The cervical trachea ranged in diameter from 4-8.5 cm with circumferences of approximately 1/3-2/5 of the bronchial circumference. Results： M1 five patients with thoracic tracheal defects after resection of a large tumor were cured of portions of deepithelialized myocutaneous flaps, with no tracheal stricture remaining and vomica successfully eliminated. During the first 1 to 3 months after the operation, bronchoscopy showed that the tracheal lumens were smooth, and the visible skin of the musculocutaneous flaps became gray and exhibited a small amount of white discharge. Conclusions： Despite this being a small series and short follow-up, this thoracic tracheal reconstruction with portions of deepithelialized myocutaneous flaps shows encouraging preliminary results and could be an alternative to other methods for the treatment of carefully selected patients with thoracic tracheal defects.

井工煤矿企业温室气体排放核算研究

文章根据国内外温室气体排放核算标准,从我国当前碳排放管理的角度,在企业层面开展井工煤矿温室气体排放核算研究。通过核算,得到本文研究的井工煤矿企业年平均温室气体排放量为20万—40万t,低瓦斯矿井和高瓦斯矿井的单位原煤温室气体排放量分别为0.023—0.037tCO_(2)/t和0.28—0.35tCO_(2)/t。通过研究发现,井工煤矿温室气体的排放源位于第一位的为井工开采和矿后活动甲烷逃逸排放,位于第二位的为净购入电力对应的CO_(2)排放,建议煤矿企业逐步规范温室气体排放监测和核算工作,并采取相应低碳降碳措施。本文研究结果客观反映了当前我国煤矿企业温室气体排放水平,可为煤矿企业今后开展温室气体排放管理提供参考。

模拟酸雨环境下地质聚合物耐久性研究

固硫灰品质不符合《用于水泥和混凝土中的粉煤灰》(GB/T 1596-2017)标准中规定的水泥、混凝土使用粉煤灰的要求,处置较为困难,但可以作为碱激发地质聚合物胶凝材料的原料。本文以某循环流化床机组的固硫灰为原料,采用碱激发的方法制备出胶凝材料试块,将养护28 d后的试块置于模拟酸雨的溶液中,考察浸泡7 d、30 d、90 d、180 d后胶凝材料耐酸雨侵蚀能力。

Histological Architecture of the Nasal Region in Rana chensinensis

The nasal region of Rana chensinensis is divided into the nasal capsules and nasal cavities. In this study, we investigated the adult histological structure of the nasal capsules and nasal cavities in the frog R. chensinensis under the microscope. We found that an eminentia olfactoria is present in this frog and the presence of the eminentia olfactoria may be connected to a terrestrial life style. The double staining method using alcian blue and alizarin red showed that the septomaxilla, the most important bone associated with the olfactory capsules, is an intramembranous bone in R. chensinensis. The opening of the nasolacrimal duct showed a close proximity to the apertura nasalis externa. The presence of the nasolacrimal duct in the olfactory region may be an adaptation to a terrestrial environment. The function of the vomeronasal and olfactory organs is discussed in the paper.

Magnetic levitation performance of high-temperature superconductor over three magnetic hills of permanent magnet guideway with iron shims of different thicknesses

Superconducting magnetic levitation performance, including levitation force and guidance force, is important for the application of high-temperature super- conducting maglev. Both of them are not only affected by different arrays of superconductors and magnets, but also by the thickness of the iron shim between permanent magnets. In order to obtain the best levitation performance, the magnetic field distribution, levitation force, and guidance force of a new type of three magnetic hills of permanent magnet guideway with iron shim of different thicknesses （4, 6, and 8 mm） are discussed in this paper. Simulation analysis and experiment results show that the guideway with iron shim of 8 mm thickness possesses the strongest magnetic field and levitation performance when the suspension gap is larger than 10 mm. However, with the decreasing of suspension gap, the guideway with iron shim of 4 mm thickness possesses the best levitation performance. The phenomena can be attributed to the density distribution of flux and magnetization of iron shim.

A Transformer Replacement Decision Method Based on Probability Assessment of Failure Rate

Reasonable probability assessment of transformer failure rate (FR) is a critical reference to the transformer replacement work. At present, the lack of support theory for transformer replacement usually causes reliability and economy issues for power companies. For this reason, a transformer replacement decision method based on probability assessment of FR is proposed. Firstly, a first order model of transformer paper degradation is proposed. Then, the Weibull Distribution is used by Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to generate the variations of Degree of Polymerization (DP) along with time based on the historical data, and the transformer FR is determined. When the FR is higher than a pre-defined threshold value, the transformer should be replaced for reliability purpose. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method for the transformer replacement decision is verified by a typical engineering application.

Activated Expression of WRKY57 Confers Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Drought is one of the most serious environmental factors that limit the productivity of agricultural crops worldwide. However, the mechanism underlying drought tolerance in plants is unclear. WRKY transcription factors are known to function in adaptation to abiotic stresses. By screening a pool of WRKY-associated T-DNA insertion mutants, we isolated a gain-of-function mutant, acquired drought tolerance （adt）, showing improved drought tolerance. Under drought stress conditions, adt accumulated higher levels of ABA than wild-type plants. Stomatal aperture analysis indi- cated that adt was more sensitive to ABA than wild-type plants. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that a T-DNA inser- tion in adt led to activated expression of a WRKY gene that encodes the WRKR57 protein. Constitutive expression of WRKY57 also conferred similar drought tolerance. Consistently with the high ABA content and enhanced drought tol- erance, three stress-responsive genes （RD29A, NCED3, and ABA3） were up-regulated in adt. ChIP assays demonstrated that WRKY57 can directly bind the W-box of RD29A and NCED3 promoter sequences. In addition, during ABA treatment, seed germination and early seedling growth of adt were inhibited, whereas, under high osmotic conditions, adt showed a higher seed germination frequency. In summary, our results suggested that the activated expression of WRKY57 improved drought tolerance of Arabidopsis by elevation of ABA levels. Establishment of the functions of WRKY57 will enable improvement of plant drought tolerance through gene manipulation approaches.

bHLH121 Functions as a Direct Link that Facilitates the Activation of FIT by bHLH IVc Transcription Factors for Maintaining Fe Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Iron(Fe)deficiency is prevalent in plants grown in neutral or alkaline soil.Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms that regulate Fe homeostasis,ensuring survival.In Arabidopsis,FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR(FIT)is a crucial regulator of Fe-deficiency response.FIT is activated indirectly by basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)IVc transcription factors(TFs)under Fed eficiency;how ever,it remains unclear which protein(s)act as the linker to mediate the activation of FIT by bHLH IVc TFs.In this study,we characterize the functions of bHLH121 and demonstrate that it directly associates with the FIT promoter.We found that loss-of-function mutations of bHLH121 cause severe Fedeficiency symptoms,reduced Feaccum ulation,and disrupted expression of genes associated with Fehomeostasis.Genetic analysis showed that FIT is epistatic to bHLH121 and FIT overexpression partially rescues the bhlh121 mutant.Further investigations revealed that bHLH IVc TFs interact with and promote nuclear accumulation of bHLH121.We demonstrated that bHLH121 has DNA-binding activity and can bind the prom oters of the FIT and bHLHlb genes,but we did not find that it has either direct transcriptional activation or repression activity tow ard these genes.Meanw hile,we found that bHLH121 functions downstream of and is a direct target of bHLH IVc TFs,and its expression is induced by Fe deficiency in a bHLH IV c-dependent manner.Taken together,these results establish that bHLH121 functions together with bHLH IVc TFs to positively regulate the expression of FIT and thus plays a pivotal role in maintaining Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

Control of sulfate concentration by miR395-targeted APS genes in Arabidopsis thaliana

Sulfur nutrition is crucial for plant growth and development,as well as crop yield and quality.Inorganic sulfate in the soil is the major sulfur source for plants.After uptake,sulfate is activated by ATP sulfurylase,and then gets assimilated into sulfur-containing metabolites.However,the mechanism of regulation of sulfate levels by ATP sulfurylase is unclear.Here,we investigated the control of sulfate levels by miR395-mediated regulation of APS1/3/4.Sulfate was over-accumulated in the shoots of miR395 over-expression plants in which the expression of the APS1,APS3,and APS4 genes was suppressed.Accordingly,reduced expression of miR395 caused a decline of sulfate concentration.In agreement with these results,over-expression of the APS1,APS3,and APS4 genes led to the reduction of sulfate levels.Differential expression of these three APS genes in response to sulfate starvation implied that they have different functions.Further investigation revealed that the regulation of sulfate levels mediated by miR395 depends on the repression of its APS targets.Unlike the APS1,APS3,and APS4 genes,which encode plastid-localized ATP sulfurylases,the APS2 gene encodes a cytosolic version of ATP sulfurylase.Genetic analysis indicated that APS2 has no significant effect on sulfate levels.Our data suggest that miR395-targeted APS genes are key regulators of sulfate concentration in leaves.

bHLH104 confers tolerance to cadmium stress in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cd is a non-essential heavy metal that is toxic to both plants and animals. Here, we reveal that the transcription factor bHLH104 positively regulates Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that Fe deficiency-responsive genes were induced by Cd treat- ment, and that their upregulation was suppressed in bhlh104 loss-of-function mutants, but enhanced upon overexpression of bHLH104. Correspondingly, the bhlh104 mutants displayed sensitivity to Cd stress, whereas plants overexpressing bHLH104 exhibited enhanced Cd tolerance. Further analysis suggested that bHLH104 positivelyregulates four heavy metal detoxification-associated genes, IREG2, A4TP3, HA4A3 and NAS4, which play roles in Cd sequestration and tolerance. The bHLH104 overexpres- sion plants accumulated high levels of Cd in the root but low levels of Cd in the shoot, which might contribute to the Cd tolerance in those lines. The present study thus points to bHLH104 as a potentially useful tool for genetic engineering of plants with enhanced Cd tolerance.

The epigallocatechin gallate derivative Y_6 reverses drug resistance mediated by the ABCB1 transporter both in vitro and in vivo

Previously, we reported that Y_6, a new epigallocatechin gallate derivative, is efficacious in reversing doxorubicin(DOX)–mediated resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7404/DOX cells. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of Y_6 in reversing drug resistance both in vitro and in vivo by determining its effect on the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette protein B1 transporter(ABCB1 or P-glycoprotein, P-gp). Our results showed that Y_6 significantly sensitized cells overexpressing the ABCB1 transporter to anticancer drugs that are ABCB1 substrates. Y_6 significantly stimulated the adenosine triphosphatase activity of ABCB1. Furthermore, Y_6 exhibited a higher docking score as compared with epigallocatechin gallate inside the transmembrane domain of ABCB1. In addition, in the nude mousetumor xenograft model, Y_6(110 mg/kg, intragastric administration), in combination with doxorubicin(2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), significantly inhibited the growth of BEL-7404/DOX cell xenograft tumors, compared to equivalent epigallocatechin gallate. In conclusion, Y_6 significantly reversed ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance and its mechanisms of action may result from its competitive inhibition of the ABCB1 drug efflux function.

Iron uptake, signaling, and sensing in plants

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient that affects the growth and development of plants because it participates as a cofactor in numerous physiological and biochemical reactions. As a transition metal, Fe is redoxactive. Fe often exists in soil in the form of insoluble ferric hydroxides that are not bioavailable to plants.Plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to ensure an adequate supply of Fe in a fluctuating environment. Plants can sense Fe status and modulate the transcription of Fe uptake-associated genes, finallycontrolling Fe uptake from soil to root. There is a critical need to understand the molecular mechanisms bywhich plants maintain Fe homeostasis in response to Fe fluctuations. This review focuses on recentadvances in elucidating the functions of Fe signaling components. Taking Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryzasativa as examples, this review begins by discussing the Fe acquisition systems that control Fe uptake fromsoil, the major components that regulate Fe uptake systems, and the perception of Fe status. Future explorations of Fe signal transduction will pave the way for understanding the regulatory mechanisms that underlie the maintenance of plant Fe homeostasis.

Oryza sativa FER-LIKE FE DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR(OsFIT/OsbHLH156)interacts with OsIRO2 to regulate iron homeostasis

Iron(Fe)is indispensable for the growth and development of plants.It is well known that FER-LIKE FE DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR(FIT)is a key regulator of Fe uptake in Arabidopsis.Here,we identify the Oryza sativa FIT(also known as Osb HLH156)as the interacting partner of IRON-RELATED BHLH TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2(OsIRO2)that is critical for regulating Fe uptake.The OsIRO2 protein is localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus,but OsFIT facilitates the accumulation of OsIRO2 in the nucleus.Loss-of-function mutations of OsFIT result in decreased Fe accumulation,severe Fe-deficiency symptoms,and disrupted expression of Feuptake genes.In contrast,OsFIT overexpression promotes Fe accumulation and the expression of Fe-uptake genes.Genetic analyses indicate that OsFIT and OsIRO2 function in the same genetic node.Further analyses suggest that OsFIT and OsIRO2 form a functional transcription activation complex to initiate the expression of Fe-uptake genes.Our findings provide a mechanism understanding of how rice maintains Fe homeostasis.

Efficient Feature Extraction Using Apache Spark for Network Behavior Anomaly Detection

Extracting and analyzing network traffic feature is fundamental in the design and implementation of network behavior anomaly detection methods. The traditional network traffic feature method focuses on the statistical features of traffic volume. However, this approach is not sufficient to reflect the communication pattern features. A different approach is required to detect anomalous behaviors that do not exhibit traffic volume changes, such as low-intensity anomalous behaviors caused by Denial of Service/Distributed Denial of Service （DoS/DDoS） attacks, Internet worms and scanning, and BotNets. We propose an efficient traffic feature extraction architecture based on our proposed approach, which combines the benefit of traffic volume features and network communication pattern features. This method can detect low-intensity anomalous network behaviors and conventional traffic volume anomalies. We implemented our approach on Spark Streaming and validated our feature set using labelled real-world dataset collected from the Sichuan University campus network. Our results demonstrate that the traffic feature extraction approach is efficient in detecting both traffic variations and communication structure changes. Based on our evaluation of the MIT-DRAPA dataset, the same detection approach utilizes traffic volume features with detection precision of 82.3% and communication pattern features with detection precision of 89.9%. Our proposed feature set improves precision by 94%.