Oxygen-deficient metal oxides:Synthesis routes and applications in energy and environment

Oxyge n vaca ncies impla ntation is an efficie nt way to adjust the physical and chemical properties of metal oxide nano materials to meet the requirements for particular applications.Through reasonable defects design,oxyge-deficient metal oxides with excellent optical and electrical properties are widely applied for environmental protection and energy uses.This review discusses recent advances in synthetic approaches of oxygervdeficient metal oxides and their applications in photocatalysis,electrocatalysis,and energy storage devices.The perspectives of oxyge n?deficie nt metal oxides for increased en ergy dema nd and en vironme ntal sustai liability are also exami ned.

Photothermal therapy by using titanium oxide nanoparticles

The photothermal therapy （PTT） technique is regarded as a promising method for cancer treatment. However, one of the obstacles preventing its clinical application is the non-degradability and biotoxicity of the existing heavy-metal and carbon-based therapeutic agents. Therefore, a PTT material with a high photothermal efficiency, low toxicity, and good biocompatibility is urgently wanted. Herein, we report a titanium oxide-based therapeutic agent with a high efficacy and low toxicity for the PTT process. We demonstrated that Magneliphase Ti8015 nanoparticles fabricated by the arc-melting method exhibit 〉98% absorption of near infrared light and a superior photothermal therapy effect in the in vivo mouse model. The Ti8O15 nanoparticle PTT material also shows a good biocompatibility and biosafety. Our study reveals Magneli-phase titanium oxide as a new family of PTT agents and introduces new applications of titanium oxides for photothermal conversion.

Authenticating GNSS civilian signals:a survey

Civilian services of Global Navigation Satellite System are threatened by spoofng attacks since it is hard to determine the authenticity of a navigation signal with a detailed structure open to the public.Signal authentication efectively protects the security of the signal by attaching unforgeable information to one or several elements of the signal.Receivers can verify the authenticity of the signal by extracting and validating this information.Developing good signal authentication schemes requires understanding possible spoofng modes,signal element specialty,and performance evaluation methods.This paper is an overview of navigation signal authentication,where the theories and reported approaches are described in detail.A design/performance matrix that demonstrates the advantages and defects of the signal element and its authentication design is summarized.Recommendations are proposed to improve the robustness,security,efciency,and implementation hardness for future designs of navigation signal authentication.

Aerodynamic levitated laser annealing method to defective titanium dioxide with enhanced photocatalytic performance

Defective TiO2 has attracted increasing attention for use in photocatalytic and electrochemical materials because of its narrowed band-gap and improved visible-light photocatalytic activity. However, a facile and efficient approach for obtaining defect-rich TiO2 still remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate such an approach to narrow its bandgap and improve visible-light absorption through implanting abundant defects by aerodynamic levitated laser annealing （ALLA） treatment. Note that the ALLA method not only provides rapid annealing, solidifying and cooling process, but also exhibits high efficiency for homogeneous and defective TiO2 nanoparticles. The laser-annealed TiO2 achieves a high hydrogen evolution rate of 8.54 mmol.h-1.g-1, excellent decomposition properties within 60 min, and outstanding recyclability and stability, all of which are superior to the corresponding properties of commercial P25.