光能利用率(Light use efficiency:LUE)指植物截获的光能转化为化学能的效率,表示为生产力和吸收光能之比。基于LUE概念的模型对模拟预测全球变化下碳循环、植被生产力及其潜力具有重要意义。全球变化和人类活动影响给植被生产力和碳循...光能利用率(Light use efficiency:LUE)指植物截获的光能转化为化学能的效率,表示为生产力和吸收光能之比。基于LUE概念的模型对模拟预测全球变化下碳循环、植被生产力及其潜力具有重要意义。全球变化和人类活动影响给植被生产力和碳循环的评估带来了巨大挑战。系统梳理了LUE模型的不确定性并分析其原因,以期提高生产力模拟预测的准确度。分析发现LUE模型准确度仅为62%-70%且模型间差异较大(32%),误差随着植被类型、时间尺度和空间区域的不同存在显著差别。目前计算LUE的误差是模型不确定性的关键,原因主要在于LUE与影响因素尤其是水分的关系并不清楚。一方面不能准确区分水分胁迫指标对LUE的影响机制,另一方面无法准确模拟水分等影响因素与LUE关系的时空演变特征。未来该领域研究的重要方向是发展集成样地和区域尺度的叶绿素荧光、光化学指数等研究方法,厘定LUE与影响因素特别是的水分关系,并分析其时空演变特征。展开更多
Optimal deterministic disturbances rejection control problem for singularly perturbed linear systems is considered. By using the slow-fast decomposition theory of singular perturbation, the existent and unique conditi...Optimal deterministic disturbances rejection control problem for singularly perturbed linear systems is considered. By using the slow-fast decomposition theory of singular perturbation, the existent and unique conditions of the feedforward and feedback composite control (FFCC) laws for both infinite-time and finite-time are proposed, and the design approaches are given. A disturbance observer is introduced to make the FFCC laws realizable physically. Simulation results indicate that the FFCC laws are robust with respect to external disturbances.展开更多
文摘光能利用率(Light use efficiency:LUE)指植物截获的光能转化为化学能的效率,表示为生产力和吸收光能之比。基于LUE概念的模型对模拟预测全球变化下碳循环、植被生产力及其潜力具有重要意义。全球变化和人类活动影响给植被生产力和碳循环的评估带来了巨大挑战。系统梳理了LUE模型的不确定性并分析其原因,以期提高生产力模拟预测的准确度。分析发现LUE模型准确度仅为62%-70%且模型间差异较大(32%),误差随着植被类型、时间尺度和空间区域的不同存在显著差别。目前计算LUE的误差是模型不确定性的关键,原因主要在于LUE与影响因素尤其是水分的关系并不清楚。一方面不能准确区分水分胁迫指标对LUE的影响机制,另一方面无法准确模拟水分等影响因素与LUE关系的时空演变特征。未来该领域研究的重要方向是发展集成样地和区域尺度的叶绿素荧光、光化学指数等研究方法,厘定LUE与影响因素特别是的水分关系,并分析其时空演变特征。
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60574023), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Z2005G01), and the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao City (05-1-JC-94).
文摘Optimal deterministic disturbances rejection control problem for singularly perturbed linear systems is considered. By using the slow-fast decomposition theory of singular perturbation, the existent and unique conditions of the feedforward and feedback composite control (FFCC) laws for both infinite-time and finite-time are proposed, and the design approaches are given. A disturbance observer is introduced to make the FFCC laws realizable physically. Simulation results indicate that the FFCC laws are robust with respect to external disturbances.