Incompatible numerical manifold method for fracture problems

The incompatible numerical manifold method （INMM） is based on the finite cover approximation theory, which provides a unified framework for problems dealing with continuum and discontinuities. The incompatible numerical manifold method employs two cover systems as follows. The mathematical cover system provides the nodes for forming finite covers of the solution domain and the weighted functions, and the physical cover system describes geometry of the domain and the discontinuous surfaces therein. In INMM, the mathematical finite cover approximation theory is used to model cracks that lead to interior discontinuities in the process of displacement. Therefore, the discontinuity is treated mathematically instead of empirically by the existing methods. However, one cover of a node is divided into two irregular sub-covers when the INMM is used to model the discontinuity. As a result, the method sometimes causes numerical errors at the tip of a crack. To improve the precision of the INMM, the analytical solution is used at the tip of a crack, and thus the cover displacement functions are extended with higher precision and computational efficiency. Some numerical examples are given.

A Novel Meshfree Analysis of Transient Heat Conduction Problems Using RRKPM

By introducing the radial basis functions(RBFs)into the reproducing kernel particle method(RKPM),the calculating accuracy and stability of the RKPM can be improved,and a novel meshfree method of the radial basis RKPM(meshfree RRKPM)is proposed.Meanwhile,the meshfree RRKPM is applied to transient heat conduction problems(THCP),and the corresponding equations of the meshfree RRKPM for the THCP are derived.The twopoint time difference scheme is selected to discretize the time of the THCP.Finally,the numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the meshfree RRKPM for the THCP.

A Humerus Arterial Bleeding Simulation Model for Hemostasia

In our daily life, accident would happen with arterial haemorrhage,and death would be brought out by continuous arterial bleeding for little time if emergency has not been implemented in time. This paper presents a humerus arterial bleeding simulation model (HABSM) for hemostasia,which has a high-fidelity, practical model for the humerus arterial hemostasia operation that is not only for the surgeons and nurses, but also for commons in urgent bleeding accident. The functional components of HABSM are arm model, fluid circulated pipeline and circuit controlling system. The arm model is made of elastic material as human muscle. Fluid circulated pipeline contains wiggly pump, inlet pipe and outlet pipe. And circuit controlling system has single chip micyoco system (SCM), keyboard, pressure sensor and vision circuit. SCM controls pump and valve to realize humerus arterial blood circulation. Both surgeons and commons thought well of HABSM which provided a task trainer for humerus arterial hemostasia.

A Wavelet-Based Method to Predict Muscle Forces From Surface Electromyography Signals in Weightlifting

The purpose of this study was to develop a wavelet-based method to predict muscle forces from surface electromyography （EMG） signals in vivo. The weightlifting motor task was implemented as the case study. EMG signals of biceps brachii, triceps brachii and deltoid muscles were recorded when the subject carried out a standard weightlifting motor task. The wavelet-based algorithm was used to process raw EMG signals and extract features which could be input to the Hill-type muscle force models to predict muscle forces. At the same time, the musculoskeletal model of subject＇s weightlifting motor task was built and simulated using the Computed Muscle Control （CMC） method via a motion capture experiment. The results of CMC were compared with the muscle force predictions by the proposed method. The correlation coefficient between two results was 0.99 （p〈0.01）. However, the proposed method was easier and more efficiency than the CMC method. It has potential to be used clinically to predict muscle forces in vivo.

A review of sampling,energy supply and intelligent monitoring for long-term sweat sensors

Sweat is a biofluid with rich information that can reflect an individual’s state of health or activity.But the real-time in situ sweat sensors lack the ability of long-term monitoring.Against this background,this article provides a holistic review on the necessary process and methods for sweat sensing,including sweat collection,composition analysis,energy supply,and data processing.The impacts of the environment in stimulating sweat production,providing energy supply,and intelligent health monitoring are discussed.Based on the review of previous endeavors,the future development in material,structure and artificial intelligence application of long-term sweat monitoring is envisioned.

Wearable Sweat Biosensors Refresh Personalized Health/Medical Diagnostics

Sweat contains a broad range of critical biomarkers including ions,small molecules,and macromolecules that may indirectly or directly reflect the health status of the human body and thereby help track disease progression.Wearable sweat biosensors enable the collection and analysis of sweat in situ,achieving real-time,continuous,and noninvasive monitoring of human biochemical parameters at the molecular level.This review summarizes the physiological/pathological information of sweat and wearable sweat biosensors.First,the production of sweat pertaining to various electrolytes,metabolites,and proteins is described.Then,the compositions of the wearable sweat biosensors are summarized,and the design of each subsystem is introduced in detail.The latest applications of wearable sweat biosensors for outdoor,hospital,and family monitoring are highlighted.Finally,the review provides a summary and an outlook on the future developments and challenges of wearable sweat biosensors with the aim of advancing the field of wearable sweat monitoring technology.

Wearable Sweat Biosensors Refresh Personalized Health/Medical Diagnostics

Sweat contains a broad range of critical biomarkers including ions,small molecules,and macromolecules that may indirectly or directly reflect the health status of the human body and thereby help track disease progression.Wearable sweat biosensors enable the collection and analysis of sweat in situ,achieving real-time,continuous,and noninvasive monitoring of human biochemical parameters at the molecular level.This review summarizes the physiological/pathological information of sweat and wearable sweat biosensors.First,the production of sweat pertaining to various electrolytes,metabolites,and proteins is described.Then,the compositions of the wearable sweat biosensors are summarized,and the design of each subsystem is introduced in detail.The latest applications of wearable sweat biosensors for outdoor,hospital,and family monitoring are highlighted.Finally,the review provides a summary and an outlook on the future developments and challenges of wearable sweat biosensors with the aim of advancing the field of wearable sweat monitoring technology.