The etching strategy of zinc anode to enable high performance zinc-ion batteries

Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are considered to be one of the most promising candidates to replace lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to the high theoretical capacity,low cost and intrinsic safety.However,zinc dendrites,hydrogen evolution reaction,surface passivation and other side reactions will inevitably occur during the charging and discharging process of Zn anode,which will seriously affect the cycle stability of the battery and hinder its practical application.The etching strategy of Zn anode has attracted wide attention because of its simple operation and broad commercial prospects,and the etched Zn anode can effectively improve its electrochemical performance.However,there is no comprehensive review of the etching strategy of Zn anode.This review first summarizes the challenges faced by Zn anode,then puts forward the etching mechanisms and properties of acid,salt and other etchants.Finally,based on the above discussion,the challenges and opportunities of Zn anode etching strategy are proposed.

Half‑Power Prediction and Its Application on the Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell City Bus

The fuel cell hybrid powertrain is a potential power supply system for fuel cell vehicles.The underlying problem is that the fuel cell vehicles encounter exhaustive hydrogen consumption.To effectively manage hydrogen consumption,the aim is to propose fuel cell city bus power and control system.The underlying idea is to determine the target power of fuel cell through simulation study on fuel cell and battery energy management strategy and road test verifications.A half-power prediction energy management strategy is implemented to predict the target power of the fuel cell in the current time step based on the demand power of the vehicle and the state of charge(SOC)of the battery in the previous time steps.This offers better understanding of the correlation between fuel cell power and vehicle drive cycle for enabling effective power supply management.The research results show that the half-power prediction energy management strategy effectively reduces the hydrogen consumption of the vehicle by 7.1%and the number of battery cycle by 6.0%,compared to the stepped manage-ment strategy of battery SOC.When applied to a 12-m fuel cell city bus—F12,specially designed and manufactured for the Winter Olympic Games in 2022—the fuel economy of 3.7 kg/100 km is achieved in urban road conditions.This study lays a foundation for providing the powertrain configuration and energy management strategy of fuel cell city bus.

E3 ligase FBXW7 aggravates TMPD-induced systemic lupus erythematosus by promoting cell apoptosis

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a systemic autoimmune disease,and the pathogenesis of SLE has not been fully elucidated.The E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 has been well characterized in cancer as a tumor suppressor that can promote the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of various oncoproteins;however,the potential role of FBXW7 in autoimmune diseases is unclear.In the present study,we identified that FBXW7 is a crucial exacerbating factor for SLE development and progression in a mouse model induced by 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane(TMPD).Myeloid cell-specific FBXW7-deficient(Lysm+FBXW7f/f)C57BL/6 mice showed decreased immune complex accumulation,glomerulonephritis,glomerular mesangial cell proliferation,and basemembrane thickness in the kidney.Lysm+FBXW7f/f mice produced fewer anti-Sm/RNP and anti-ANA autoantibodies and showed a decreased MHC II expression in B cells.In Lysm+FBXW7f/f mice,we observed that cell apoptosis was reduced and that fewer CD11b+Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes were recruited to the peritoneal cavity.Consistently,diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage(DPH)was also decreased in Lysm+FBXW7f/f mice.Mechanistically,we clarified that FBXW7 promoted TMPD-induced cell apoptosis by catalyzing MCL1 degradation through K48-linked ubiquitination.Our work revealed that FBXW7 expression in myeloid cells played a crucial role in TMPD-induced SLE progression in mice,which may provide novel ideas and theoretical support for understanding the pathogenesis of SLE.