Sensitivity and inter-observer variability for capsule endoscopy image analysis in a cohort of novice readers

瞄准：为检测囊内视镜检查法调查结果决定新手阅读器(第 4 个年医学院的学生) 的性能。方法：小肠损害的十个囊内视镜检查法盒子予读者被以。标准答案调查结果被胃的肠学预先规定。十个标准答案“目标”在 10 个盒子之中被识别。读者们被给快速的读者软件的 30-min 概述并且指示标记畸形的任何潜在的区域。一个软件程序用 SAS 被开发分析缩小的调查结果。结果：为检测标准答案调查结果的全面敏感是 80% 。作为一个组，至少 5 从 10 个读者检测了每记录发现的每个标准答案。当读者的结果被联合时，所有标准答案目标被识别。偶然的 finding/false 积极的率每读者在 8.2-59.8 之间变化了。结论：有最小的内视镜的经验的医学院的学生的一块面板能在在囊内视镜检查法上检测损害完成高敏感。一组新手读者能预先屏蔽为进一步的评论缩小小肠损害的潜在的区域的记录。这些指图必须被考察决定临床的关联。进一步的研究是进行中的估计另外的队。

Acute liver injury induced by weight-loss herbal supplements

We report three cases of patients with acute liver injury induced by weight-loss herbal supplements. One patient took Hydroxycut while the other two took Herbalife supplements. Liver biopsies for all patients dem onstrated f indings consistent with drug-induced acute liver injury. To our knowledge, we are the fi rst instit ute to report acute liver injury from both of these two typ es of weight-loss herbal supplements together as a case series. The series emphasizes the importance of taking a cautious approach when consuming herbal supp lements for the purpose of weight loss.

Insights on the use of biosimilars in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Biologic therapy, such as those that target tumor necrosis factor(TNF) signaling, has proven to be an efficacious method of treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) with regards to symptom management and mucosal healing. However, the rising prevalence of IBD worldwide and the everincreasing burden of biologic pharmaceuticals in the health care industry is alarming for insurance companies, clinicians, and patients. The impending patent expiry and the relatively high costs of biologics, particularly anti-TNF agents, have paved the way for biosimilar development for IBD. The United States Food and Drug Administration defines a biosimilar as a biological product that is highly similar to its reference medicinal product, with no clinically meaningful differences in terms of safety, purity, and potency. The hope with biosimilars is that their entry into the market will be able to drive competition between pharmaceutical companies to reduce prices like that of the generic market, and that access to appropriate biologic treatments for IBD patients is increased in the long-term. Yet, there are challenging issues such as indication extrapolation and interchangeability that are still being debated in the field of IBD and must be addressed in future issued guidance. This review will discuss the issues and implications concerning the use of biosimilar therapy for IBD.