Hydrogen-rich saline protects against hepatic injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion and laparoscopic hepatectomy in swine

Background: Hydrogen-rich saline(HRS) has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. We investigated the effects of hydrogen on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) and laparoscopic hepatectomy in swine. Methods: Twenty-one healthy Bama miniature pigs were randomly divided into the sham group, ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) group, HRS-5(5 m L/kg) group, and HRS-10(10 m L/kg) group. HRS was injected through the portal vein 10 min before reperfusion and at postoperative day 1, 2 and 3. The roles of HRS on oxidative stress, inflammatory response and liver regeneration were studied. Results: Compared with the IRI group, HRS treatment attenuated oxidative stress by increasing catalase activity and reducing myeloperoxidase. White blood cells in the HRS-10 group were reduced compared with the IRI group( P < 0.01). In the HRS-10 group, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein and cortisol were downregulated, whereas interleukin-10 was upregulated. In addition, HRS attenuated endothelial cell injury and promoted the secretion of angiogenic cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2. HRS elevated the levels of hepatocyte growth factor, Cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67 and reduced the secretion of transforming growth factor-beta. Conclusions: HRS treatment may exert a protective effect against I/R and hepatectomy-induced hepatic damage by reducing oxidative stress, suppressing the inflammatory response and promoting liver regeneration.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of NtbHLH gene family in tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum)and the role of NtbHLH86 in drought adaptation

The bHLH transcription factors play pivotal roles in plant growth and development,production of secondary metabolites and responses to various environmental stresses.Although the bHLH genes have been well studied in model plant species,a comprehensive investigation of the bHLH genes is required for tobacco with newly obtained high-quality genome.In the present study,a total of 309 NtbHLH genes were identified and can be divided into 23 subfamilies.The conserved amino acids which are essential for their function were predicted for the NtbHLH proteins.Moreover,the NtbHLH genes were conserved during evolution through analyzing the gene structures and conserved motifs.A total of 265 NtbHLH genes were localized in the 24 tobacco chromosomes while the remained 44 NtbHLH genes were mapped to the scaffolds due to the complexity of tobacco genome.Moreover,transcripts of NtbHLH genes were obviously tissue-specific expressed from the gene-chip data from 23 tobacco tissues,and expressions of 20 random selected NtbHLH genes were further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR,indicating their potential functions in the plant growth and development.Importantly,overexpressed NtbHLH86 gene confers improve drought tolerance in tobacco indicating that it might be involved in the regulation of drought stress.Therefore,our findings here provide a valuable information on the characterization of NtbHLH genes and further investigation of their functions in tobacco.

Three-dimensional heterogeneous electro-Fenton system with reduced graphene oxide based particle electrode for Acyclovir removal

New pollutant pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs),especially antiviral drugs,have received increasing attention not only due to their increase in usage after the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemics but also due to their adverse impacts on water ecological environment.Electro-Fenton technology is an effective method to remove PPCPs from water.Novel particle electrodes(MMT/rGO/Fe_(3)O_(4))were synthesized by depositing Fe3O4 nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide modified montmorillonite and acted as catalysts to promote oxidation performance in a three-dimensional electro-Fenton(3D-EF)system.The electrodes combined the catalytic property of Fe3O4,hydrophilicity of montmorillonite and electrical conductivity of graphene oxides,and applied for the degradation of Acyclovir(ACV)with high efficiency and ease of operation.At optimal condition,the degradation rate of ACV reached 100%within 120 min,and the applicable pH range could be 3 to 11 in the 3D-EF system.The stability and reusability of MMT/rGO/Fe_(3)O_(4)particle electrodes were also studied,the removal rate of ACV remained at 92%after 10 cycles,which was just slightly lower than that of the first cycle.Potential degradation mechanisms were also proposed by methanol quenching tests and FT-ICR-MS.

Biomolecular condensates and disease pathogenesis

Biomolecular condensates or membraneless organelles(MLOs)formed by liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)divide intracellular spaces into discrete compartments for specific functions.Dysregulation of LLPS or aberrant phase transition that disturbs the formation or material states of MLOs is closely correlated with neurodegeneration,tumorigenesis,and many other pathological processes.Herein,we summarize the recent progress in development of methods to monitor phase separation and we discuss the biogenesis and function of MLOs formed through phase separation.We then present emerging proof-of-concept examples regarding the disruption of phase separation homeostasis in a diverse array of clinical conditions including neurodegenerative disorders,hearing loss,cancers,and immunological diseases.Finally,we describe the emerging discovery of chemical modulators of phase separation.

差分电荷密度在电子结构分析中的教学实践

差分电荷密度可以研究分子、团簇、固体材料以及分子与固体材料间相互作用导致的电荷重新分布,广泛应用于电子结构分析。作者在长期的理论研究与“密度泛函理论在化学中的应用”课程教学过程中发现,差分电荷密度计算根据研究对象和研究目标的不同,计算方法与结果也大不相同。根据研究的目标,差分电荷密度可以分为原子基、碎片基、特定对象的差分电荷密度及自旋电荷密度。如果不能正确理解其概念,选择合适的计算方法,则无法获取正确的电子结构信息。本文系统整理了常见与特殊差分电荷密度计算的类型、计算方法与适用研究体系,通过课堂教师讲解与演示、学生练习,结合探究性课后作业,使学生深入理解、掌握这一重要电子分析方法,为教学与科研提供重要支持。

Phytosterols in edible oil:Distribution,analysis and variation during processing

Phytosterols,which are naturally occurring in plants,have excellent nutritional and health values on lowering both the blood cholesterol level and the risk of cardiovascular diseases.Edible oils are the main source of daily intake of phytosterols,whereas the properties of phytosterols may vary a lot depending on their sources.During the processing of edible oil including refining and frying,phytosterol's content fluctuates,which influences the properties of the final product.Phytosterols and their derivatives undergo physical migration between different phases and chemical conversion during the processing,which reduces the quality and the commercial value of edible oils.Therein,the loss of phytosterols is the major concern in the process of neutralization and deodorization.In addition,oxidation and thermal degradation of phytosterols occur simultaneously during frying,which also reduces the content of phytosterols.Nevertheless,the oil matrix has a promoting or an inhibitory effect on the thermal oxidation of phytosterols.Therefore,various efforts have been devoted to analyzing and improving the remaining contents of phytosterols in edible oil.Regardless of the processing method,temperature plays an important role in the loss of phytosterols.At present,themain analysismethods of phytosterols include gas chromatography and liquid chromatography,inwhich the pretreatment of different types of phytosterols is also a crucial step.This review focused on the following topics comprehensively:(i)the distribution of phytosterols in the oil-containing plants and edible oils during the refining processing;(ii)the pretreatment and analysis methods of various phytosterols(free phytosterols,phytosteryl fatty acid esters,phytosteryl glycosides and acylated phytosteryl glycosides);(iii)the variation of phytosterols in process of esterification and oxidation,storage and so on.The study also proposed that the investigation in the loss and safety of phytosterols during processing of the vegetable oils should be proceeded further in combination with efficient and accurate chromatography methods.

Hydrophilic phytosterol derivatives: A short review on structural modifications, cholesterol-lowering activity and safety

Phytosterols have received extensive attention owing to their excellent cholesterol-lowering activity and the role in cardiovascular diseases prevention. However, poor solubility in both oil and water limited the application of free phytosterols in the food industry. Chemical or enzymatic modifications were effective to improve the physicochemical properties as well as the bioavailability and cholesterollowering activity of phytosterols. Higher oil solubility and lower melting point of phytosterols have been achieved by esterification and transesterification with fatty acids and triacylglycerols so as to enhance the bioavailability, reduce formation of precipitates, and improve the sensory quality of products.While the researches on the improvement on its water solubility is a hot topic. Hydrophilic phytosterol derivatives have promising applications in the food industry because most of foods belong to aqueous matrix. Hydrophilic modification is useful and meaningful for phytosterols in both industrial and commercial applications. This review mainly highlights the hydrophilic phytosterol derivatives in the following aspects:(i) hydrophilic modifications of phytosterols by coupling with various polar components;(ii) cholesterol-lowering activity and possible molecular mechanisms of hydrophilic phytosterol derivatives on reducing serum cholesterol level;and(iii) safety evaluation of hydrophilic phytosterol derivatives in cell-culture studies, animal models and clinical trials.

Enhanced oxygen reduction reaction performance of Co@N–C derived from metal-organic frameworks ZIF-67 via a continuous microchannel reactor

Traditional methods of preparing metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)compounds have the disadvantages such as poor dispersion,inefficient and discontinuous process.In this work,microchannel reactor is used to prepare MOFs-derived zeolite-imidazole material via flash nanoprecipitation to form ZIF-67+PEI(FNP),which reduces the MOF synthesis time down to millisecond time interval while keeping the synthesized ZIF-67+PEI(FNP)highly dispersed.The Co@N–C(FNP)catalyst obtained by flash nanoprecipitation and carbonization has a higher Co content and thus more active sites for oxygen reduction reaction than the Co@N–C(DM)catalyst prepared by direct mixing method.Electrochemical tests show that the Co@N–C(FNP)catalyst prepared by this method has excellent oxygen reduction performance,good methanol resistance and high stability.The onset potential and half-wave potential of Co@N–C(FNP)are 0.92 VRHE and 0.83 VRHE,respectively,which are higher than that of Co@N–C(DM)(Eonset=0.90 VRHEand E1/2=0.83VRHE).Moreover,the Zn-air battery assembled with Co@N–C(FNP)as the cathode catalyst has high open circuit voltage,high power density and large specific capacity.The performance of these batteries has been comparable to that of Pt/C assembled batteries.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations confirm that the Co(220)crystal plane present in Co@N–C(FNP)have stronger adsorption energy than that of Co(111)crystal plane in Co@N–C(DM),leading to better electrocatalytic performance of the former.

Issues concerning "Greenification" of Green Food Enterprises

We redefine "green food enterprises" and expound the connotation of "greenification" of food processing industry. Taking the case of Heilongjiang Province, we give an overview of green food enterprises in Heilongjiang Province, and study the degree of "greenification" of food processing industry in Heilongjiang Province, through the case study of related enterprises. There are some problems in the process of pushing forward "greenification" of food processing industry, such as the high cost of production, varying quality of products, weak R & D capability and the distance limitations of raw material places and the consumer market. The following recommendations are put forth for promoting the "greenification" of food enterprises: (i) Reducing the production costs of green food, and improving the "greenification rate"; (ii) Intensifying policy support, and creating a "green" environment; (iii) Strengthening quality control, and improving consumers trust in green food; (iv) Establishing the network of green marketing, and broadening sales channels of green food.

Application of Perception Theory in Hotel Interior Design

The purpose of this article is to explore the application of perception theory in hotel interior design. Through the analysis of the theory of perception, the article sums up its connection with the interior design of Modern Hotel, and sums up the hotel interior design method under the influence of three factors of visual perception, space-time perception, logical perception so as to improve the level of humanization. Finally it will provide a basis for hotel interior design in the future.

财务共享中心与业财融合研究——以Z集团为例

面对不断变化的市场环境,多元化产品服务大型企业需要通过搭建财务共享中心平台实现业财融合,有效提高业务运营与生产效率。本文以Z集团为研究对象,基于其财务共享运营体系、职能升级效果分析财务共享中心自身业财融合的新模式,对企业全面实现业财融合、管理部门合理衡量业务活动价值做出指导与展望。

EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients harboring CDK4 amplification show favorable response to afatinib:Two case reports

To the Editor:Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)show significant efficacy in patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)with sensitive EGFR mutations and significantly prolong the survival of these patients.However,drug resistance emerges in most patients.Previous studies indicated that cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6(CDK4/6)gene amplification was one of the resistance mechanisms of the EGFR-TKI osimertinib,weakening its efficacy.Treatment options for EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with CDK4 amplification are limited to add CDK4 inhibitors.

Netrin-3 Suppresses Diabetic Neuropathic Pain by Gating the Intra-epidermal Sprouting of Sensory

tDiabetic neuropathic pain(DNP)is the most common disabling complication of diabetes.Emerging evi-dence has linked the pathogenesis of DNP to the aberrant sprouting of sensory axons into the epidermal area;however,the underlying molecular events remain poorly understood.Here we found that an axon guidance molecule,Netrin-3(Ntn-3),was expressed in the sensory neurons of mouse dorsal root ganglia(DRGs),and downregulation of Ntn-3 expression was highly correlated with the severity of DNP in a diabetic mouse model.Genetic ablation of Ntn-3 increased the intra-epidermal sprouting of sensory axons and worsened the DNP in diabetic mice.In contrast,the elevation of Ntn-3 levels in DRGs significantly inhibited the intra-epidermal axon sprouting and alleviated DNP in diabetic mice.In con-clusion,our studies identified Ntn-3 as an important regula-tor of DNP pathogenesis by gating the aberrant sprouting of sensory axons,indicating that Ntn-3 is a potential druggable target for DNP treatment.

CMT2D neuropathy is influenced by vitamin D-mediated environmental pathway

Dear Editor,Peripheral neuropathy is a group of devastating diseases affecting periphe-ral nerves and may cause symptoms such as extreme numbness,muscle weakness,and paralysis.Currently,there are no effective therapies for these diseases.Great progress has been made in identifying genetic causes for peripheral neuropathy owing to the advances in genetic testing in the last decade.For example,>100 genes have been identified to be associated with Charcot–Marie–Tooth(CMT)neuropathy,a group of disorders among the most common forms of inherited peripheral neuropathy.

一种基于猪流行性腹泻病毒S1蛋白的单域抗体的阻断ELISA方法及其评价

文中旨在利用猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)S1蛋白生物素化纳米抗体建立一种阻断酶联免疫吸附试验(Blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,bELISA)方法,用于检测猪体内PEDV抗体水平及疫苗免疫效果的评估。对PEDVS1蛋白的特异性单域抗体(Single-domain antibodies,sdAb)sdAb3基因进行扩增,并在3′端融合Avitag序列,构建至原核表达载体pET21b,进行sdAb3-Avitag蛋白诱导表达纯化。对纯化的sdAb3-Avitag融合蛋白进行生物素标记并鉴定其活性。以PEDV重组S1蛋白为抗原,通过对各反应条件进行摸索与优化,建立一种可靠灵敏的bELISA方法应用于血清样品检测,并与商品化试剂盒检测进行比价。成功构建重组载体pET21b-sdAb3-Avitag并诱导表达出sdAb3-Avitag蛋白。体外生物素标记的sdAb3(sdAb3-Biotin)具有良好的活性。所构建的bELISA方法中,最适参数为:S1蛋白的包被浓度200 ng/孔;血清稀释比例1︰2,血清孵育时间2 h;sdAb3-Biotin稀释比1︰8000,孵育时间30 min;酶标抗体稀释比例1︰5000,反应时间30 min。所建立的方法与猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒等主要猪源病毒的阳性血清均无交叉反应,具有良好的特异性和重复性。利用建立的bELISA方法对临床54份猪血清样品进行检测,结果显示,该方法与商品化试剂盒检测结果具有92.56%的总体符合率。文中建立了一种省时可靠的bELISA方法,可用于PEDV的临床监测和疫苗免疫效果评估。