高压直流传输系统受端交流电网日趋复杂,在逆变站所配置的传统低压限流单元(voltage dependent current order limiter,VDCOL)的控制特征已难以适应现代电力系统的调控方式,为此,提出基于模拟退火算法的特高压直流VDCOL控制环节优化方...高压直流传输系统受端交流电网日趋复杂,在逆变站所配置的传统低压限流单元(voltage dependent current order limiter,VDCOL)的控制特征已难以适应现代电力系统的调控方式,为此,提出基于模拟退火算法的特高压直流VDCOL控制环节优化方法。首先,基于高压直流传输系统逆变站的稳态模型和常规VDCOL控制环节的响应特性,分析逆变站与直流受端交流系统的功率交互特性,推导直流电流指令值与逆变站无功消耗的关系;其次,设计高压直流传输系统典型故障集合,提出基于模拟退火算法的VDCOL控制环节U-I特性曲线多拐点参数的优化方案;最后,采用MATLAB与PSCAD/EMTDC联合仿真的方法得到所提改进的VDCOL控制环节U-I特性曲线。通过与常规VDCOL控制环节的仿真对比分析可知,所提方法更加符合系统暂态无功的实际需求,可有效抑制直流连续换相失败的发生。展开更多
This physiological study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)on the fatty acid composition and digestive enzyme activities of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus myki...This physiological study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)on the fatty acid composition and digestive enzyme activities of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)during salinity acclimation.Rainbow trout with an average initial weight of 90.61 g±9.25 g were fed diets with the quantities of DHA and EPA equaling to 0.54%,0.95%,1.40%and 1.79%(abbreviated as DE-0.54,DE-0.95,DE-1.40,and DE-1.79,respectively)for eight weeks,after which the gastric and intestinal fatty acids composition were analyzed.Subsequently,the fish underwent salinity acclimation.On days 1,4,7,and 14 after the freshwater was replaced by seawater and at the end of the 8-week period,gastric and intestinal digestive enzyme activities were determined.The results showed that the gastric and intestinal DHA and EPA contents of the fish were positively correlated to their dietary DHA and EPA levels.Low dietary DHA and EPA levels inhibited the protease activity of rainbow trout.Fish in the DE-0.54 group increased the lipase activity to enhance the utilization of lipids maybe due to the inadequate essential fatty acids for fish in this group.Hence,rainbow trout in the DE-0.54 group failed to maintain suitable activities of digestive enzymes after salinity acclimation.Therefore,a diet with minimum 0.95%DHA and EPA levels is necessary for rainbow trout during salinity acclimation.展开更多
文摘高压直流传输系统受端交流电网日趋复杂,在逆变站所配置的传统低压限流单元(voltage dependent current order limiter,VDCOL)的控制特征已难以适应现代电力系统的调控方式,为此,提出基于模拟退火算法的特高压直流VDCOL控制环节优化方法。首先,基于高压直流传输系统逆变站的稳态模型和常规VDCOL控制环节的响应特性,分析逆变站与直流受端交流系统的功率交互特性,推导直流电流指令值与逆变站无功消耗的关系;其次,设计高压直流传输系统典型故障集合,提出基于模拟退火算法的VDCOL控制环节U-I特性曲线多拐点参数的优化方案;最后,采用MATLAB与PSCAD/EMTDC联合仿真的方法得到所提改进的VDCOL控制环节U-I特性曲线。通过与常规VDCOL控制环节的仿真对比分析可知,所提方法更加符合系统暂态无功的实际需求,可有效抑制直流连续换相失败的发生。
基金This publication was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFD0901005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31702364 and 31572634)and the Primary Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2018CXGC0101).
文摘This physiological study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)on the fatty acid composition and digestive enzyme activities of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)during salinity acclimation.Rainbow trout with an average initial weight of 90.61 g±9.25 g were fed diets with the quantities of DHA and EPA equaling to 0.54%,0.95%,1.40%and 1.79%(abbreviated as DE-0.54,DE-0.95,DE-1.40,and DE-1.79,respectively)for eight weeks,after which the gastric and intestinal fatty acids composition were analyzed.Subsequently,the fish underwent salinity acclimation.On days 1,4,7,and 14 after the freshwater was replaced by seawater and at the end of the 8-week period,gastric and intestinal digestive enzyme activities were determined.The results showed that the gastric and intestinal DHA and EPA contents of the fish were positively correlated to their dietary DHA and EPA levels.Low dietary DHA and EPA levels inhibited the protease activity of rainbow trout.Fish in the DE-0.54 group increased the lipase activity to enhance the utilization of lipids maybe due to the inadequate essential fatty acids for fish in this group.Hence,rainbow trout in the DE-0.54 group failed to maintain suitable activities of digestive enzymes after salinity acclimation.Therefore,a diet with minimum 0.95%DHA and EPA levels is necessary for rainbow trout during salinity acclimation.
