There is a close relationship between potassium(K)and nitrogen(N).However,the roles of K under high N conditions remain unclear.Using a hydroponics approach,we monitored the morphological,physiological,and molecular c...There is a close relationship between potassium(K)and nitrogen(N).However,the roles of K under high N conditions remain unclear.Using a hydroponics approach,we monitored the morphological,physiological,and molecular changes in M9T337 apple(Malus domestica)rootstocks under different nitrate(10 and 30 mmol·L^(-1)NO_(3)^(-))and K supply(0.5,6,10,and 20 mmol·L_(-1)K^(+))conditions.Results revealed that high nitrate inhibited the root growth of M9T337 rootstocks,downregulated the expressions of K transporter genes(MdPT5,MdHKT1,and MdATK1),and reduced the net NO3-and K+influx at the surface of roots,thereby resulting in an N/K imbalance in rootstocks.Further investigation showed that 10 mmol·L^(-1)K increased the activity of N metabolic enzymes(NR,GS,NiR,and GOGAT),upregulated the expressions of genes related to nitrate uptake and transport(MdNRT1.1,MdNRT1.2,MdNRT1.5,and MdNRT2.4),promoted15N transport from the roots to the shoots,optimized leaf N distribution,and improved photosynthetic N utilization efficiency under high nitrate conditions.These results suggest that the negative effects of high nitrate may be related to the N/K imbalance and that reducing N/K in plants by increasing K supply level can effectively alleviate the inhibition of N assimilation by high nitrate stress.展开更多
The exploration of highly efficient catalysts based on nano-sized Ti-rich titanosilicate zeolites with controllable active titanium species is of great importance in zeolite catalytic reactions.Herein,we reported an e...The exploration of highly efficient catalysts based on nano-sized Ti-rich titanosilicate zeolites with controllable active titanium species is of great importance in zeolite catalytic reactions.Herein,we reported an efficient and facile synthesis of nano-sized Ti-rich TS-1(MFI)zeolites by replacing tetrabutyl orthotitanate(TBOT)with tetrabutyl orthotitanate tetramer(TBOT-tetramer)as the titanium source.The introduced TBOT-tetramer slowed down the zeolite crystallization process,and accordingly balanced the rate of incorporating Ti and the crystal growth and inhibited the massive formation of anatase species.Notably,the prepared Ti-rich TS-1 zeolite sample had a Si/Ti as low as 27.6 in contrast to conventional one with a molar ratio of 40.The TBOT-tetramer endowed the titanosilicate zeolites with enriched active titanium species and enlarged external surface area.It also impeded the formation of anatase species,resulting in superior catalytic behavior toward the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene compared with the conventional TS-1 zeolite counterpart prepared with TBOT.展开更多
Effective separation of photogenerated carriers plays a vital role in governing the efficiency of photo-electrocatalytic reactions.However,the advancement in enhancing the intrinsic carrier separation efficiency of se...Effective separation of photogenerated carriers plays a vital role in governing the efficiency of photo-electrocatalytic reactions.However,the advancement in enhancing the intrinsic carrier separation efficiency of semiconductors has shown limited progress.Herein,we reported the use of a magnetic field to improve the photoelectrochemical water splitting of a magnetic Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)photoanode by boosting the photogenerated carrier separation efficiency.In the presence of the magnetic field,oxygen evolution reaction occurs with a high photocurrent density of 0.86 mA cm^(−2)at 1.23 V versus VRHE,and an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 0.342%at 0.61 VRHE.Moreover,the photoanode maintains its oxygen evolution reaction for more than 400 h with photocurrent decays by ca.10%.Observations made in this effort show that the enhancement of photo-electrocatalytic efficiency by a magnetic field is a consequence of the effect of the Lorentz force generated by the magnetic field on photogenerated carriers and ions near the Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)photoanode,which improves the carrier separation efficiency and the bubble release rate.The results suggest that manipulating photoelectrode carriers by using a magnetic field is a promising strategy to design high-performance photoelectrochemical for water splitting.展开更多
Soil microbial communities play an essential role in maintaining soil fertility and are considered as ecological indicators to evaluate soil health.In the present study,we examined the influence of almost 4 years of f...Soil microbial communities play an essential role in maintaining soil fertility and are considered as ecological indicators to evaluate soil health.In the present study,we examined the influence of almost 4 years of fertilization[no fertilizer(CK),nitrogen alone(N),nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium chemical fertilizer(NPK),organicmanure(M),nitrogen plus organic manure(NM),and NPK plus organic manure(NPKM)]on soil fertility and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities in an apple orchard.Compared to CK,fertilization increased soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,and available nutrients,but reduced soil pH in N and NPK treatments.The highest microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,most probable number of actinomycetes,bacteria,and fungi occurred in the NPKM treatment.The average well color development(AWCD)values followed the order of NPKM>M>NPK and NM>CK and N.The Shannon index in organic manure treatments were significantly higher than in control and in treatments without organic manure.The principal component analysis showed that manure treatment was significantly separated from other treatments.These results indicated that organic manure applied alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers would increase soil fertility and functional diversity of soil microbial communities.Moreover,applying balanced N,P,K fertilizer in combination with organic manure was found to be superior to the use of a single fertilizer in improving soil microbial community quality.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3 D) hybrid of nanocarbons is a very promising way to the high-performance design of electrocatalysis materials.However,sp^(3)-like defect structure,a combination of high strength and conduction of g...Three-dimensional(3 D) hybrid of nanocarbons is a very promising way to the high-performance design of electrocatalysis materials.However,sp^(3)-like defect structure,a combination of high strength and conduction of graphene and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) is rarely reported.Herein,3 D neural-like hybrids of graphene(from reduced graphene oxide) and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have been integrated via sp^(3)-like defect structure by a hydrothermal approach.The sp^(3)-like defect structure endows 3 D nanocarbon hybrids with an enhanced carrier transfer,high structural stability,and electrocatalytic durability.The neural-like structure is shown to demonstrate a cascade effect of charges and significant performances regarding bio-electrocatalysis and lithium-sulfur energy storage.The concept and mechanism of "sp^(3)-like defect structure" are proposed at an atomic/nanoscale to clarify the generation of rational structure as well as the cascade electron transfer.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Fund for the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD2301000)the earmarked fund for CARS(Grant No.CARS-27)the Taishan Scholar Assistance Program from Shandong Provincial Government(Grant No.TSPD20181206)。
文摘There is a close relationship between potassium(K)and nitrogen(N).However,the roles of K under high N conditions remain unclear.Using a hydroponics approach,we monitored the morphological,physiological,and molecular changes in M9T337 apple(Malus domestica)rootstocks under different nitrate(10 and 30 mmol·L^(-1)NO_(3)^(-))and K supply(0.5,6,10,and 20 mmol·L_(-1)K^(+))conditions.Results revealed that high nitrate inhibited the root growth of M9T337 rootstocks,downregulated the expressions of K transporter genes(MdPT5,MdHKT1,and MdATK1),and reduced the net NO3-and K+influx at the surface of roots,thereby resulting in an N/K imbalance in rootstocks.Further investigation showed that 10 mmol·L^(-1)K increased the activity of N metabolic enzymes(NR,GS,NiR,and GOGAT),upregulated the expressions of genes related to nitrate uptake and transport(MdNRT1.1,MdNRT1.2,MdNRT1.5,and MdNRT2.4),promoted15N transport from the roots to the shoots,optimized leaf N distribution,and improved photosynthetic N utilization efficiency under high nitrate conditions.These results suggest that the negative effects of high nitrate may be related to the N/K imbalance and that reducing N/K in plants by increasing K supply level can effectively alleviate the inhibition of N assimilation by high nitrate stress.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, China (Grant 21920102005, 22288101, and 21835002)the 111 Project, China (B17020)+2 种基金the European Union through the European Research Council, European Union (grant ERC-AdG-2014-671093, SynCatMatch)the Spanish Government through “Severo Ochoa”, Spain (SEV2016-0683, MINECO) for supporting this workthe financial support from China Scholarship Council, China
文摘The exploration of highly efficient catalysts based on nano-sized Ti-rich titanosilicate zeolites with controllable active titanium species is of great importance in zeolite catalytic reactions.Herein,we reported an efficient and facile synthesis of nano-sized Ti-rich TS-1(MFI)zeolites by replacing tetrabutyl orthotitanate(TBOT)with tetrabutyl orthotitanate tetramer(TBOT-tetramer)as the titanium source.The introduced TBOT-tetramer slowed down the zeolite crystallization process,and accordingly balanced the rate of incorporating Ti and the crystal growth and inhibited the massive formation of anatase species.Notably,the prepared Ti-rich TS-1 zeolite sample had a Si/Ti as low as 27.6 in contrast to conventional one with a molar ratio of 40.The TBOT-tetramer endowed the titanosilicate zeolites with enriched active titanium species and enlarged external surface area.It also impeded the formation of anatase species,resulting in superior catalytic behavior toward the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene compared with the conventional TS-1 zeolite counterpart prepared with TBOT.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3805600,2022YFB3805604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52103285,22293020)+6 种基金Major Program(JD)of Hubei Province(2023BAA003)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFB605)Dawning Program of Wuhan(2023020201020306)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732722)National 111 Project(B20002)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan(20220101248JC)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2024IVA089).
文摘Effective separation of photogenerated carriers plays a vital role in governing the efficiency of photo-electrocatalytic reactions.However,the advancement in enhancing the intrinsic carrier separation efficiency of semiconductors has shown limited progress.Herein,we reported the use of a magnetic field to improve the photoelectrochemical water splitting of a magnetic Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)photoanode by boosting the photogenerated carrier separation efficiency.In the presence of the magnetic field,oxygen evolution reaction occurs with a high photocurrent density of 0.86 mA cm^(−2)at 1.23 V versus VRHE,and an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 0.342%at 0.61 VRHE.Moreover,the photoanode maintains its oxygen evolution reaction for more than 400 h with photocurrent decays by ca.10%.Observations made in this effort show that the enhancement of photo-electrocatalytic efficiency by a magnetic field is a consequence of the effect of the Lorentz force generated by the magnetic field on photogenerated carriers and ions near the Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)photoanode,which improves the carrier separation efficiency and the bubble release rate.The results suggest that manipulating photoelectrode carriers by using a magnetic field is a promising strategy to design high-performance photoelectrochemical for water splitting.
基金This work was supported by the Special Fund for the National Key R&D Programof China(Grant No.2016YFD0201100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31501713)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-27)and Taishan Scholar Assistance Program from Shandong Provincial Government.
文摘Soil microbial communities play an essential role in maintaining soil fertility and are considered as ecological indicators to evaluate soil health.In the present study,we examined the influence of almost 4 years of fertilization[no fertilizer(CK),nitrogen alone(N),nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium chemical fertilizer(NPK),organicmanure(M),nitrogen plus organic manure(NM),and NPK plus organic manure(NPKM)]on soil fertility and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities in an apple orchard.Compared to CK,fertilization increased soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,and available nutrients,but reduced soil pH in N and NPK treatments.The highest microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,most probable number of actinomycetes,bacteria,and fungi occurred in the NPKM treatment.The average well color development(AWCD)values followed the order of NPKM>M>NPK and NM>CK and N.The Shannon index in organic manure treatments were significantly higher than in control and in treatments without organic manure.The principal component analysis showed that manure treatment was significantly separated from other treatments.These results indicated that organic manure applied alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers would increase soil fertility and functional diversity of soil microbial communities.Moreover,applying balanced N,P,K fertilizer in combination with organic manure was found to be superior to the use of a single fertilizer in improving soil microbial community quality.
基金a joint National Natural Science Foundation of China-Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(NSFC-DFG) project(NSFC grant 51861135313,DFG JA466/39-1)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21706199)International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China(2015DFE52870)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan(20180101208JC)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3 D) hybrid of nanocarbons is a very promising way to the high-performance design of electrocatalysis materials.However,sp^(3)-like defect structure,a combination of high strength and conduction of graphene and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) is rarely reported.Herein,3 D neural-like hybrids of graphene(from reduced graphene oxide) and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have been integrated via sp^(3)-like defect structure by a hydrothermal approach.The sp^(3)-like defect structure endows 3 D nanocarbon hybrids with an enhanced carrier transfer,high structural stability,and electrocatalytic durability.The neural-like structure is shown to demonstrate a cascade effect of charges and significant performances regarding bio-electrocatalysis and lithium-sulfur energy storage.The concept and mechanism of "sp^(3)-like defect structure" are proposed at an atomic/nanoscale to clarify the generation of rational structure as well as the cascade electron transfer.
