一种基于血液检测的诊断和预测HBV相关疾病的弹性方法

Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,which threatens global public health,is a major contributor to liver-related morbidity and mortality.Examinations for liver diseases related to chronic HBV infection-including laboratory tests,ultrasounds,computed tomography(CT),and liver biopsies-may take up medical resources,particularly since they overlap in most instances.Thus,there is an urgent need to establish an economical and effective diagnosis method in order to streamline the medical process for HBV-related disea ses.Using complex network models constructed based on clinical blood tests,we provide such a method by defining the novel measure of functional resilience to assess patients’liver conditions.By combining network models and dynamics,we discovered the pivotal items and their corresponding thresholds,which can guide further research on preventing disease deterioration in critical states of these diseases.The macro-averaged precision of our method,functional resilience,is84.74%,whereas the macro-averaged precision of physicians’experience without assistance from imaging or biopsy is 55.63%.From an economic perspective,our approach could save the equivalent of at least30 USD per visit for most Chinese patients and at least 400 USD per visit for most US patients,compared with general diagnostic methods.Globally,this will add to savings of at least 10.5 billion USD annually.Our method can comprehensively evaluate the condition of patients’livers and help avert the waste of medical resources during the diagnosis of liver disease by reducing excessive imaging exams.

Accumulation of glycolipids in wheat grain and their role in hardness during grain development

Grain hardness is an important parameter for wheat quality. To understand the role of glycolipids in the formation of grain hardness, the glycolipid contents in wholegrain wheat flour and the starch granule surfaces of oven-dried and freeze-dried hard and soft wheat grain were analyzed. Changes in endosperm structure and amyloplast membrane integrity during grain development were also examined by electron microscopy. The monogalactosyldigylcerol(MGDG) and digalactosyldigylcerol(DGDG) contents of the starch surface were significantly higher in soft wheat than in hard wheat, regardless of the drying method or developmental stage. Throughout grain development, MGDG content was significantly higher in the starch surface of freeze-dried hard wheat than in the starch surface of oven-dried hard wheat. In contrast, the MGDG content of the starch surface was significantly higher in freeze-dried soft grain at 14 and 35 days after anthesis. No significant difference was observed in puroindoline protein(PIN) accumulation in wholegrain flour from wheat that was dried using the two methods, whereas PIN accumulation on the starch surface of freeze-dried grain was lower than that on the starch surface of oven-dried grain.The gap between the amyloplast membrane and starch granules was larger in hard wheat than in soft wheat, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. For the same wheat cultivar, this gap was larger for oven-dried than for freeze-dried grain. The content of polar lipids in the starch surface was closely related to grain hardness, and the breakdown of the amyloplast membrane may determine the location of polar lipids on the starch surface.