Mononuclear macrophage infiltration in the central nervous system is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation. Recent studies on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis have highlighted the multiple rol...Mononuclear macrophage infiltration in the central nervous system is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation. Recent studies on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis have highlighted the multiple roles of mononuclear macrophages in the neuroinflammatory process. Monocytes play a significant role in neuroinflammation, and managing neuroinflammation by manipulating peripheral monocytes stands out as an effective strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review outlines the steps involved in the entry of myeloid monocytes into the central nervous system that are targets for effective intervention: the activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis, migration of monocytes in the blood, and penetration of the blood–brain barrier by monocytes. Finally, we summarize the different monocyte subpopulations and their effects on the central nervous system based on phenotypic differences. As activated microglia resemble monocyte-derived macrophages, it is important to accurately identify the role of monocyte-derived macrophages in disease. Depending on the roles played by monocyte-derived macrophages at different stages of the disease, several of these processes can be interrupted to limit neuroinflammation and improve patient prognosis. Here, we discuss possible strategies to target monocytes in neurological diseases, focusing on three key aspects of monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, to provide new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
We have compiled eight promising strategies for enhancing the specificity and selectivity of nanozymes,as depicted in the comprehensive summary above.Enzymes exhibit intricate and sophisticated structures,including su...We have compiled eight promising strategies for enhancing the specificity and selectivity of nanozymes,as depicted in the comprehensive summary above.Enzymes exhibit intricate and sophisticated structures,including substrate channels and active sites,which can inform the design of nanozymes.Replication of these structural features and the application of facet engineering/doping techniques can significantly enhance the catalytic specificity of nanozymes.Alternatively,the use of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers(MiPs)to coat nanozymes represents an effective approach to impart substrate specificity.Furthermore,several straightforward stopgap strategies have been devised to improve nanozyme specificity for analytical applications,such as the integration of biorecognition elements and nanozyme sensor arrays through surface modification.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82060219,82271234the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,Nos.20212ACB216009,20212BAB216048+1 种基金Jiangxi Province Thousands of Plans,No.jxsq2019201023Youth Team Project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,No.2019YNTD12003(all to FH)。
文摘Mononuclear macrophage infiltration in the central nervous system is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation. Recent studies on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis have highlighted the multiple roles of mononuclear macrophages in the neuroinflammatory process. Monocytes play a significant role in neuroinflammation, and managing neuroinflammation by manipulating peripheral monocytes stands out as an effective strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review outlines the steps involved in the entry of myeloid monocytes into the central nervous system that are targets for effective intervention: the activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis, migration of monocytes in the blood, and penetration of the blood–brain barrier by monocytes. Finally, we summarize the different monocyte subpopulations and their effects on the central nervous system based on phenotypic differences. As activated microglia resemble monocyte-derived macrophages, it is important to accurately identify the role of monocyte-derived macrophages in disease. Depending on the roles played by monocyte-derived macrophages at different stages of the disease, several of these processes can be interrupted to limit neuroinflammation and improve patient prognosis. Here, we discuss possible strategies to target monocytes in neurological diseases, focusing on three key aspects of monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, to provide new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1200700 and 2019YFA0709200)National Natural Science Foundation of China grant(22374071)+4 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Key R&D Program(BE2022836)CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team(JCTD-2020-08)PAPD Program,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science(5431ZZXM2306)NMPA Key Laboratory for Biomedical Optics(20240001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(021314380228)。
文摘We have compiled eight promising strategies for enhancing the specificity and selectivity of nanozymes,as depicted in the comprehensive summary above.Enzymes exhibit intricate and sophisticated structures,including substrate channels and active sites,which can inform the design of nanozymes.Replication of these structural features and the application of facet engineering/doping techniques can significantly enhance the catalytic specificity of nanozymes.Alternatively,the use of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers(MiPs)to coat nanozymes represents an effective approach to impart substrate specificity.Furthermore,several straightforward stopgap strategies have been devised to improve nanozyme specificity for analytical applications,such as the integration of biorecognition elements and nanozyme sensor arrays through surface modification.