定制电解液或隔膜实现锂离子各向异性输运从而抑制枝晶生长:相场模拟研究

电池内部不可控的枝晶生长问题严重地影响着电池的循环性能和安全性能,这对于锂金属电池的实际应用是一个严峻的挑战。尽管已有较多的实验和理论研究工作聚焦于电极间锂离子各向异性输运特性对枝晶形貌的影响,但仍有一些开放性的问题有待进一步研究,例如,如何将枝晶生长的动态演变与电解液性质、电势分布或隔膜多孔结构诱导的锂离子各向异性输运关联起来。我们通过将锂离子在电解液中的扩散系数(D_(L))表示为二阶张量的形式并进行相场模拟,发现D_(yy):D_(xx)比值的增加,以及电势诱导的电极/电解液界面锂离子快速扩散层均可以降低界面处锂离子浓度梯度和电势梯度,从而减弱枝晶生长的驱动力。我们还发现隔膜基体与y方向之间夹角的增大也会显著促进电解质中的锂离子各向异性输运特性,以利于抑制枝晶生长。籍此本文提出设计D_(yy):D_(xx)=10:1的电解液和基体倾斜角为arctan(0.5)的隔膜用于锂金属电池。该相场研究有望为设计具有抑制枝晶能力的电解质或隔膜提供指导。

Probing signals of atmospheric gravity waves excited by the July 29,2021 M_(W)8.2 Alaska earthquake

It is commonly believed that the atmosphere is decoupled from the solid Earth.Thus,it is difficult for the seismic wave energy inside the Earth to propagate into the atmosphere,and atmospheric pressure wave signals excited by earthquakes are unlikely to exist in atmospheric observations.An increasing number of studies have shown that earthquakes,volcanoes,and tsunamis can perturb the Earth's atmosphere due to various coupling effects.However,the observations mainly focus on acoustic waves with periods of less than 10 min and inertial gravity waves with periods of greater than 1 h.There are almost no clear observations of gravity waves that coincide with observations of low-frequency signals of the Earth's free oscillation frequency band within 1 h.This paper investigates atmospheric gravity wave signals within1 h of surface-atmosphere observations using the periodogram method based on seismometer and microbarometer observations from the global seismic network before and after the July 29,2021 M_(w)8.2 Alaska earthquake in the United States.The numerical results show that the atmospheric gravity wave signals with frequencies similar to those of the Earth's free oscillations _(0)S_(2) and _(0)T_(2) can be detected in the microbaro meter observations.The results con firm the existence of atmospheric gravity waves,indicating that the atmosphere and the solid Earth are not decoupled within this frequency band and that seismic wave energy excited by earthquakes can propagate from the interior of the Earth to the atmosphere and enhance the atmospheric gravity wave signals within 1 h.

Unveiling the therapeutic potential:KBU2046 halts triple-negative breast cancer cell migration by constricting TGF-β1 activation in vitro

Background:Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is a heterogeneous,recurring cancer characterized by a high rate of metastasis,poor prognosis,and lack of efficient therapies.KBU2046,a small molecule inhibitor,can inhibit cell motility in malignant tumors,including breast cancer.However,the specific targets and the corresponding mechanism of its function remain unclear.Methods:In this study,we employed(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium)(MTS)assay and transwell assay to investigate the impact of KBU2046 on the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells in vitro.RNA-Seq was used to explore the targets of KBU2046 that inhibit the motility of TNBC.Finally,confirmed the predicted important signaling pathways through RT-qPCR and western blotting.Results:In this study,we found that KBU2046 functioned as a novel transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β1)inhibitor,effectively suppressing tumor cell motility in vitro.Mechanistically,it directly down-regulated leucine-rich repeat-containing 8 family,member E(LRRC8E),latent TGFβ-binding protein 3(LTBP3),dynein light chain 1(DNAL1),and MAF family of bZIP transcription factors(MAFF)genes,along with reduced protein expression of the integrin family.Additionally,KBU2046 decreased phosphorylation levels of Raf and ERK.This deactivation of the ERK signaling pathway impeded cancer invasion and metastasis.Conclusions:In summary,these findings advocate for the utilization of TGF-β1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and as a therapeutic target in TNBC.Furthermore,our data underscore the potential of KBU2046 as a novel therapeutic strategy for combating cancer metastasis.

Enhancing Relational Triple Extraction in Specific Domains:Semantic Enhancement and Synergy of Large Language Models and Small Pre-Trained Language Models

In the process of constructing domain-specific knowledge graphs,the task of relational triple extraction plays a critical role in transforming unstructured text into structured information.Existing relational triple extraction models facemultiple challenges when processing domain-specific data,including insufficient utilization of semantic interaction information between entities and relations,difficulties in handling challenging samples,and the scarcity of domain-specific datasets.To address these issues,our study introduces three innovative components:Relation semantic enhancement,data augmentation,and a voting strategy,all designed to significantly improve the model’s performance in tackling domain-specific relational triple extraction tasks.We first propose an innovative attention interaction module.This method significantly enhances the semantic interaction capabilities between entities and relations by integrating semantic information fromrelation labels.Second,we propose a voting strategy that effectively combines the strengths of large languagemodels(LLMs)and fine-tuned small pre-trained language models(SLMs)to reevaluate challenging samples,thereby improving the model’s adaptability in specific domains.Additionally,we explore the use of LLMs for data augmentation,aiming to generate domain-specific datasets to alleviate the scarcity of domain data.Experiments conducted on three domain-specific datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms existing comparative models in several aspects,with F1 scores exceeding the State of the Art models by 2%,1.6%,and 0.6%,respectively,validating the effectiveness and generalizability of our approach.

LA-D-B1,a novel Abemaciclib derivative,exerts anti-breast cancer effects through CDK4/6

Background:Regulatory proteins involved in human cellular division and proliferation,cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6(CDK4/6)are overexpressed in numerous cancers,including triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).TNBC is a common pathological subtype of breast cancer that is prone to recurrence and metastasis,and has a single treatment method.As one of the CDK4/6 inhibitors,abemaciclib can effectively inhibit the growth of breast tumors.In this study,we synthesized LA-D-B1,a derivative of Abemaciclib,and investigated its anti-tumor effects in breast cancer.Methods:Cellular viability was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.Cell cloning and migration abilities were determined by colony formation assay and wound healing assay.Cell invasion abilities and adhesion were determined by cell invasion assay and cell adhesion assay.The impact of compound LA-D-B1 on cell proliferation and the cell cycle was analyzed through Western blotting,which quantified the levels of proteins associated with the cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)4/6-cyclin D-Rb-E2F pathway.The in vivo anti-tumor activity of compound LA-D-B1 was investigated using a chick chorioallantoic membrane(CAM)model.Results:The study demonstrated that LA-D-B1 effectively suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation,induced apoptosis,and caused cell cycle arrest.Furthermore,LA-D-B1 reduced the expression of key proteins in the CDK4/6-cyclin D-Rb-E2F pathway,including CDK4,CDK6 and E2F1.The results also indicated significant antitumor activity of LA-D-B1 in a transplanted tumor model.Conclusion:In this study,LA-D-B1 demonstrated a potent anti-tumor effect by effectively suppressing cell proliferation and inhibiting cell cycle progression in breast cancer.These findings highlight the potential of LA-D-B1 as a valuable compound for enhancing therapeutic outcomes and controlling the progression of breast cancer.

Noise reduction and periodic signal extraction for GNSS height data in the study of vertical deformation

Global navigation satellite system(GNSS)technique has irreplaceable advantages in the continuous monitoring of surface deformation.Reducing noise to improve the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and extract the concerned signals is of great significance.As an improved algorithm of empirical mode decomposition(EMD),complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(CEEMDAN)algorithm has better signal processing ability.Using the CEEMDAN algorithm,the height time series of 29GNSS stations in Chinese mainland were analyzed,and good denoising effects and extraction from periodic signals were achieved.The numerical results showed that the annual signal obtained with the CEEMDAN algorithm was significantly based on Lomb_Scargle spectrum analysis,and large differences in the long-term signals were found between the stations at different locations in Chinese mainland.With respect to data denoising,compared with the EMD and wavelet denoising algorithms,the CEEMDAN algorithm respectively improved the SNR by 29.35% and 36.54%,increased the correlation coefficient by 8.67% and 11.96%,and reduced root mean square error(RMSE)by 44.68% and 43.48%,indicating that the CEEMDAN algorithm had better denoising behavior than the other two algorithms.In addition,the results demonstrated that different denoising methods had little influence on estimating the annual vertical deformation velocity.The extraction of periodic signals showed that more components were retained by using the CEEMDAN algorithm than the EMD algorithm,which indicated that the CEEMDAN algorithm had advantages over frequency aliasing.In conclusion,the CEEMDAN algorithm was recommended for processing the GNSS height time series to analyze the vertical deformation due to its excellent features of denoising and the extraction of periodic signals.

A developed transient gas-liquid-solid flow model with hydrate phase transition for solid fluidization exploitation of marine natural gas hydrate reservoirs

The multiphase flow characteristic is one of the most concerning problems during solid fluidization exploitation of marine natural gas hydrate reservoirs.In this research,a new transient gas-liquid-solid multiphase flow model with hydrate phase transition was developed.Meanwhile,this model considered the coupling relationship among convective heat transfer,hydrate dynamic decomposition,and multi-phase flow.The model can simulate the change of flow pattern from solid-liquid to gas-liquid-solid flow,and describe the distribution character of volume fraction of phase,wellbore temperature and pressure,and hydrate decomposition rate during transportation.The simulation results indicate that the hydrate decomposition region in the wellbore gradually expands,but the hydrate decomposition rate gradually decreases during the solid fluidization exploitation of hydrate.When mining time lasts for 4 h,and the bottom hole pressure decreases by about 0.4 MPa.Increasing NaCl concentration in seawater helps expand hydrate decomposition regions and improves the wellbore hydrate decomposition rate.When the Nacl mass fraction in seawater reaches 15%,it will raise the hydrate decomposition regions to the whole wellbore.In addition,the higher the wellhead backpressure,the lower the decomposition area and decomposition rate of hydrate in the wellbore.When wellhead backpressure reaches 2 MPa,the volume fraction of gas near the wellhead will reduce to about 12%.This work is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of marine hydrate reservoirs.

Multiplex network infomax:Multiplex network embedding via information fusion

For networking of big data applications,an essential issue is how to represent networks in vector space for further mining and analysis tasks,e.g.,node classification,clustering,link prediction,and visualization.Most existing studies on this subject mainly concentrate on monoplex networks considering a single type of relation among nodes.However,numerous real-world networks are naturally composed of multiple layers with different relation types;such a network is called a multiplex network.The majority of existing multiplex network embedding methods either overlook node attributes,resort to node labels for training,or underutilize underlying information shared across multiple layers.In this paper,we propose Multiplex Network Infomax(MNI),an unsupervised embedding framework to represent information of multiple layers into a unified embedding space.To be more specific,we aim to maximize the mutual information between the unified embedding and node embeddings of each layer.On the basis of this framework,we present an unsupervised network embedding method for attributed multiplex networks.Experimental results show that our method achieves competitive performance on not only node-related tasks,such as node classification,clustering,and similarity search,but also a typical edge-related task,i.e.,link prediction,at times even outperforming relevant supervised methods,despite that MNI is fully unsupervised.

Experimental study of the critical sand starting velocity of gas-watersand flow in an inclined pipe

The purpose of this paper is to study the critical sand starting velocity and transformation law of flow pattern based on gas-water-sand three-phase flow in an inclined pipe.Firstly,the indoor simulation experiment system of gas-water-sand three-phase flow was used to test the conversion law of flow pattern based upon the different gas void fraction.Secondly,the influence of slug bubbles on sand migration was investigated according to distinctive hole deviation angles,gas void fraction and sand concentration.Finally,the critical sand starting velocity was tested based on dissimilar hole deviation angles,gas void fraction,sand concentration and sand particle size,and then the influence of the abovementioned key parameters on the sand starting velocity was debated based on the force analysis of the sand particles.The experimental results illustrated that when the gas void fraction was less than 5%,it was bubbly flow.When it increased from 5%to 30%,the bubbly flow and slug flow coexisted.When it was between 30%and 50%,the slug flow and agitated flow coexisted.When it reached 50%,it was agitated flow.Providing that the hole deviation angle was 90°,the phenomenon of overall migration and wavelike migration on the surface of sand bed was observed.On the contrary,the phenomenon of rolling and jumping migration was recognized.The critical sand starting velocity was positively correlated with the hole deviation angle and sand particle size,but negatively associated with the gas void fraction and sand concentration.This research can provide a certain reference for sand-starting production in the field of petroleum engineering.

A dynamic managed pressure well-control method for rapid treatment of gas kick in deepwater managed pressure drilling

During deepwater managed pressure drilling(MPD),the gas kick may occur in abnormally high-pressure formations.If the traditional well control method is adopted,the treatment time is long and the advantage of early gas kick detection of MPD is lost.The dynamic managed pressure well-control(MPWC)method can be used to rapidly treat gas kick in deepwater MPD.In this paper,considering the effect of large-variable-diameter annulus and complex wellbore temperature in deepwater drilling,a simplified model of non-isothermal gas-liquid two-phase flow was established for dynamic deepwater MPWC simulation.Using this model,the response characteristics of outlet flow and wellhead backpressure were investigated.The results indicated that the gas fraction,outlet liquid flow rate,pit gain and wellhead backpressure presented complex alternating characteristics when gas moved upwards in the wellbore due to the large-variable-diameter annulus.The outlet liquid flow rate would be lower than the inlet flow rate and the pit gain would decrease before the gas moved to the wellhead.The variation trend of the wellhead backpressure was consistent with that of the pit gain.When the gas-liquid mixture passed through the choke,the expansion or compression of the gas caused part of the choke pressure drop to be supplemented or unloaded,delaying the response rate of the wellhead backpressure.The wellbore temperature,borehole diameter and seawater depth had different effects on outlet flow rate,pit gain and wellhead backpressure.This research could provide a new idea for well control methods in deepwater managed pressure drilling.

Multiple scattering and modeling of laser in fog

When a laser is transmitted in fog, and the water droplets will scatter and absorb the laser, which affects the intensity of the laser transmission and the accuracy of radar detection. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the laser transmission in the fog. At present, the main method of calculating the scattering and attenuation characteristics of fog is based on the radiation transmission theory, which is realized by a large number of numerical calculations or physical simulation methods, which takes time and cannot meet the requirements for obtaining the fast and accurate results. Therefore, in this paper established are a new laser forward attenuation model and backward attenuation model in low visibility fog. It is found that in low visibility environments, the results calculated by the Monte Carlo method are more accurate than those from most of the existing forward attenuation models. For the cases of 0.86-μm, 1.06-μm, 1.315-μm, 10.6-μm typical lasers incident on different fogs with different visibilities, a backscatter model is established, the error between the fitting result and the calculation result is analyzed, the backward attenuation fitting parameters of the new model are tested, and a more accurate fitting result is obtained.

Polyetheramide Templated Synthesis of Monodisperse Mn_3O_4 Nanoparticles with Controlled Size and Study of the Electrochemical Properties

Monodisperse Mn3O4 nanoparticles were prepared solvothermally starting from manganese acetate by using polyether amide block copolymers(Pebax2533) as a template in isopropanol. The diameter of the nanoparticles in the range of 8.7 nm^31.5 nm was decreased with increase of Pebax2533 concentration.The electrochemical properties and application in supercapacitor of Mn3O4 nanoparticles were further studied.The results showed that smaller nanoparticles had a larger capacitance. The higher capacitance of 217.5 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g was obtained on 8.7 nm Mn3O4 nanoparticles. The specific capacitance retention of 82% was maintained after 500 times of continuous charge-discharge cycles.

Stability analysis of multiple-lattice self-anticipative density integration effect based on lattice hydrodynamic model in V2V environment

Under the environment of vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication,the traffic information on a large scale can be obtained and used to coordinate the operation of road traffic system.In this paper,a new traffic lattice hydrodynamic model is proposed which considers the influence of multiple-lattice self-anticipative density integration on traffic flow in the V2V environment.Through theoretical analysis,the linear stability condition of the new model is derived and the stable condition can be enhanced when more-preceding-lattice self-anticipative density integration effect is taken into account.The property of the unstable traffic density wave in the unstable region is also studied according to the nonlinear analysis.It is shown that the unstable traffic density wave can be described by solving the modified Korteweg-de-Vries(mKdV)equation.Finally,the simulation results demonstrate the validity of the theoretical results.Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that multiple-lattice self-anticipative density integration effect can enhance the stability of traffic flow system in the V2V environment.

Anesthesia and perioperative management for giant adrenal Ewing’s sarcoma with inferior vena cava and right atrium tumor thrombus:A case report

BACKGROUND Ewing’s sarcoma of the adrenal gland with inferior vena cava(IVC)and right atrium thrombus is extremely rare.Here,we report a case of giant adrenal Ewing’s sarcoma with IVC and right atrium tumor thrombus and summarize the anesthesia and perioperative management.CASE SUMMARY A young female was admitted to the Department of Urology with intermittent pain under the right costal arch for four months.Enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed a large retroperitoneal mass(22 cm in diameter),which may have originated from the right adrenal gland and was closely related to the liver.Transthoracic echocardiography showed a strong echogenic filling measuring 70 mm extended from the IVC into the right atrium and ventricle.After preoperative preparation with cardiopulmonary bypass,sufficient blood products,transesophageal echocardiography and multiple monitoring,tumor and thrombus resection by IVC exploration and right atriotomy were successfully performed by a multidisciplinary team.Intraoperative hemodynamic stability was the major concern of anesthesiologists and the status of tumor thrombus and pulmonary embolism were monitored continuously.During transfer of the patient to the intensive care unit(ICU),cardiac arrest occurred without external stimulus.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed immediately and cardiac function was restored after 1 min.In the ICU,extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)and continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)were provided to maintain cardiac,liver and kidney function.Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of Ewing’s sarcoma.After postoperative treatments and rehabilitation,the patient was discharged from the urology ward.CONCLUSION An adrenal Ewing’s sarcoma with IVC and right atrium thrombus is extremely rare,and its anesthesia and perioperative management have not been reported.Thus,this report provides significant insights in the perioperative management of patients with adrenal Ewing’s sarcoma and IVC tumor thrombus.Intraoperative circulation fluctuations and sudden cardiovascular events are the major challenges during surgery.In addition,postoperative treatments including ECMO and CRRT provide essential support in critically ill patients.Moreover,this case report also highlights the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation during treatment of the disease.

The comprehensive utilization of Baosteel steel slag

Summarizes the processes and development of Baosteel slag processing techniques such as the instantaneous slag chill （ISC） process, the tank-type hot disintegrating process and the rotary drum process. A detailed introduction of the slag comprehensive utilization at Baosteel is given. The details of Baosteel＇ s comprehensive utilization in the fields of simering materials, returned slag for steelmaking, road construction, cement production, mixed concrete, new construction materials, ground-filling materials and reinforced material for soft earth are given. Emphasis is placed on source management and ensuring that from both organizational and managerial perspectives, Baosteel＇ s slag processing techniques are safe and energy-saving, thus constantly demonstrating the issue of sustainable development.

脓毒症合并心功能障碍患者早期肠道微生态改变的探讨

目的:探讨脓毒症合并心功能障碍患者的肠道微生态组成及多样性改变情况。方法:本研究共纳入39例受试者,其中健康受试者13例(A组),脓毒症不合并心功能障碍者12例(B组),脓毒症合并心功能障碍者14例(C组)。入组当天完成血液和粪便标本采集以及超声心动图检查。检测并记录受试者的心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、人心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(HFABP)、氨基末端B型利钠肽(NT-proBNP)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及降钙素原(PCT)水平。采用16S核糖体DNA(rDNA)测序对粪便中的菌群进行多样性分析,并比较各组间的菌群组成。结果:3组受试者cTnT、HFABP、NT-proBNP、LVEF及PCT水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(H=33.279、24.748、28.694、26.552、27.032,P均<0.001)。进一步两两比较发现,与B组相比较,C组患者cTnT、HFABP、NT-proBNP水平更高,而LVEF更低(P均<0.05)。Alpha多样性分析显示,3组受试者肠道菌群丰富度[Chao1指数及基于丰度的覆盖估计值(ACE)]、多样性(香农指数及辛普森指数)比较,差异均有统计学意义(H=13.761、13.761、19.189、15.536,P均<0.05),且B、C两组肠道菌群丰富度、多样性均显著低于A组,C组肠道菌群多样性更低(P均<0.05)。Beta多样性分析显示,A、B、C组受试者肠道菌物种相似度比较,差异均有统计学意义[0.239(0.147,0.332)、0.001(-0.164,0.049)、-0.212(-0.315,0.040),H=22.599,P=0.001],且B、C两组肠道菌群物种相似度与A组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。3组受试者肠道微生物群中,梭状芽孢杆菌纲、芽孢杆菌纲、瘤胃球菌科、毛螺菌科、瘤胃球菌属及未定位的毛螺菌属细菌的相对丰度比较,差异均有统计学意义(H=23.918、22.794、17.265、16.846、11.862、16.846,P均<0.05)。B、C组的梭状芽孢杆菌纲、瘤胃球菌科、毛螺菌科、瘤胃球菌属及未定位的毛螺菌属相对丰度均显著低于A组,且C组梭状芽孢杆菌纲、瘤胃球菌科、毛螺菌科的相对丰度更低(P均<0.05);B、C组芽孢杆菌的相对丰度均明显高于A组,且C组更高(P均<0.05)。结论:脓毒症合并心功能障碍患者的心肌损伤标志物水平显著增高,同时肠道微生态多样性显著下降,主要表现为梭状芽孢杆菌、瘤胃球菌科及毛螺菌科细菌相对丰度减少,而芽孢杆菌的相对丰度增加。

Phase-field simulation tending to depict practical electrodeposition process in lithium-based batteries

Lithium dendrite growth due to uneven electrodeposition usually leads to the potential hazard of internal short circuit and shorter lifetime of lithium-based batteries. Extensive efforts have been devoted to explore the effects of single or two factors on dendrite growth, involving the diffusion coefficient, exchange current density, electrolyte concentration, temperature, and applied voltage. However, these factors interrelate during battery operation, signifying that a understanding of how they jointly influence the electrodeposition is of paramount importance for the effective suppression of dendrites. Here, we incorporate the dependent relationships among key factors into the phase-field model to capture their synergistic effects on electrodeposition. All the simulations are implemented in our self-written MATLAB code under a unified modeling framework. Following this, five groups of experimentally common dendrite patterns are reproduced and the corresponding electrodeposition driving forces are identified. Unexpectedly, we find that with the decrease of the ratio of exchange current density(or applied voltage) to diffusion coefficient, the electrodeposition morphology changes from needle-like dendrites to columnar dendrites and to uniform deposition. The present phase-field simulation tends to depict the practical electrodeposition process, providing important insights into synergistic regulation to suppress dendrite growth.

Unified Picture on Temperature Dependence of Lithium Dendrite Growth via Phase-Field Simulation

Lithium dendrite growth due to uneven electrodeposition may penetrate the separator and solid electrolyte,causing inner short circuit and potential thermal runaway.Despite great electrochemical phase-field simulation efforts devoted to exploring the dendrite growth mechanism under the temperature field,no unified picture has emerged.For example,it remains open how to understand the promotion,inhibition,and dual effects of increased temperature on dendrite growth when using different electrolyte types.Here,by comprehensively considering the temperature-dependent Li_(+)diffusion coefficient,electrochemical reaction coefficient,and initial temperature distribution in phase-field model,we propose that the activation-energy ratio,defined as the ratio of electrochemical reaction activation energy to electrolyte Li+diffusion activation energy,can be used to quantify the effect of temperature on dendrite morphology.Specifically,we establish a mechanism diagram correlating the activation-energy ratio,uniform initial temperature,and maximum dendrite height,which unifies the seemingly contradictory simulation results.Furthermore,results based on nonuniform initial temperature distribution indicate that a positive temperature gradient along the discharging current facilitates uniform Li+deposition and local hotspot should be avoided.These findings provide valuable insights into the temperature-dependent Li dendrite growth and contribute to the practical application of Li metal batteries.

耐热木霉菌株筛选及其对热作区香蕉促生效应的研究

【目的】为筛选安全、高效的耐热木霉功能菌株,有效促进热作区香蕉的生产,本研究从热作区土壤分离筛选适温范围较宽的木霉菌株,研制木霉生物有机肥,并研究其对香蕉枯萎病发病率、果实产量及品质的影响。【方法】通过稀释涂布法筛选出木霉菌株,根据菌株在不同温度下的生长情况、拮抗尖孢菌能力及酶活强弱进行菌株复筛;将复筛所得菌株试制成生物有机肥,在田间条件下,研究木霉生物有机肥的施用对香蕉发病率、产量及品质的影响;最后结合菌株ITS及tef1序列分析鉴定所选菌株的分类信息。【结果】从海南土壤中筛选出4株耐热木霉菌株,其在20–40°C能生长,其中菌株JS84在40°C高温下生长速度最快,对尖孢镰刀菌4号生理小种抑制率最高,产酶活力能力最强。田间试验结果表明:施用JS84木霉生物有机肥(JS84)显著降低了香蕉枯萎病发病率;有效改善了香蕉果实品质并提高了土壤养分;该处理产量显著高于不施肥对照、化肥处理、有机肥处理和商品木霉生物有机肥处理(NJAU4742),分别增产32%、18%、8%和6%。ITS结合tef1序列分析结果表明,JS84菌株为桔绿木霉菌(Trichoderma citrinoviride)。【结论】从热作区土壤中成功筛选到一株桔绿木霉JS84,其适宜生长温度宽,研制的木霉生物有机肥对热区香蕉具有显著的抗枯萎病及增产作用。

植物果胶的生物合成与功能

果胶作为植物细胞壁多糖之一,其结构和功能非常复杂。果胶主要由同型半乳糖醛酸聚糖(HG)、鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖I(RGI)和鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖II(RGII)组成。果胶类成分在维持细胞壁结构的完整性以及细胞间黏附和信号转导等方面发挥重要作用。研究果胶类成分的结构、分布和功能,对理解细胞壁高级结构的构建和功能具有重要意义。然而,3种果胶组分在细胞壁内如何交联形成高级结构并发挥生物学功能,目前尚不明确。该文重点阐述果胶3种组分(HG、RGI和RGII)的生物合成、功能以及果胶的显微成像,旨在为植物果胶结构及功能研究提供参考。