Assessment of Possible Link of Intestinal Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: This study assessed the role of gut bacteria in the development of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methodology: Using bacteria cultural method, microbial species were isolated from feacal materials, identified and quantitated through application of genomic spectrophotometric systems with a quantitation of some marker biochemical parameters for Diabetes. Result: We observed a concentration of firmicutes, bacteriodetes, protecbacteria and bifidobacterium with Escherichia coli population predominating. Biochemical parameters reveal a 3-fold raised value for some bromakers in type 2 diabetes. At a confidence interval of 95% paired sample test results gave significant differences for all tested pairs. Conclusion: Result suggests that microbiomes have the potential to alter the gut environment and cause changes that promote the development of type 2 diabetes.

<i>β</i>-HCG Level as a Predictive Marker of Pregnancy Progression or Retrogression

An ordered sequence of biologic events is precursors of the birth of a healthy baby. Hormonal interactions acting as a nexus between the fetus, placenta and mother that controls the establishment and progression of pregnancy and fetal development are very important. We examined the role of Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (β-HCG) as a predictive marker. Applying radioimmunoassay that utilizes anti-sera generated from specific β-submit of HCG we evaluated the serum β-HCG level in 60 pregnant women in the three trimesters. Results showed that there was consistent increase in concentration that drops gradually and maintained a plateau only to drop from the 40th week of pregnancy. 3 subjects (5%) that had a sudden sharp drop in β-HCG level resulted in complications. Inclusion of β-HCG level screening and monitoring in pregnancy will raise assurance of progress or retrogression in pregnancy. We provide data that can be used as a reference range for β-HCG using this method.

Utilizing Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) as a Resolving Matrix in Parental Dispute DNA Analysis

Interest in DNA analysis using short tandem repeats (STR) as finger printing tools in forensic medicine has gained tremendous application, as expression of these nuclear factors have enhanced forensic examination. Here we used this Biochemical characterization after conventional extraction process, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gel electrophoresiss and a sequencer to distinguish and resolve parental dispute. The differential migration of labeled DNA fragments which attains excitation energy with a laser elicits fluorescent light of different wavelength depending on the dye used. A data collection software (Genemapper) collects raw data (spectrograph) and converts it to an electropherogram that is interpreted. By comparing the DNA profiles, inclusion and exclusion criteria were elucidated to resolve disputes. The inherent discriminating power of STRs used in analysis enhances resolution of cell mixtures, genetic aberration, substantiation of tissue origin and provides genetic distinction which is a robust and reliable approach in resolving parental disputes.

Some Marker Enzymes and Histological Alteration on the Administration of Tramadol Hydrochloride on Rat Liver

The ease of availability and potential tendency to abuse tramadol hydrochloride prompted this research. Making use of biochemical and histological techniques, concentrations of marker enzymes were monitored along with alterations in the liver architecture of wistar albino rats in graded doses of tramadol hydrochloride for 28 days. Specifically, levels of gammaglutamyltransferase (-GT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. Statistical evaluation of the results at a p < 0.05 elucidated significantly elevated values of these enzymes when compared with controls that were not on tramadol hydrochloride. The variations were time and dose dependent. Histological evaluation presented various degrees of inflammatory cells of the liver, cytolysis in hepatocytes and some portal tract hypertrophy. These findings support the need for caution in administration of tramadol particularly for long term administration.