Background: HIV-2 is comparatively less pathogenic with slow progression of infection to clinical disease and consequently there is less of information on the occurrence of HIV-2 associated disease than HIV-1. We here...Background: HIV-2 is comparatively less pathogenic with slow progression of infection to clinical disease and consequently there is less of information on the occurrence of HIV-2 associated disease than HIV-1. We hereby describe some laboratory profiles of individuals presenting with HIV-2 and dual HIV-1/2 related AIDS at the University College hospital in Ibadan over a period of seven years. Methodology: Blood samples from patients presenting with the AIDS defining illness at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria were tested for antibodies to HIV-1/2 using rapid test devices or ELISA. Initially reactive samples were further tested by immunoblotting for differentiation into HIV-1 or HIV-2 or HIV-1/2 dual infection. Blood samples from individuals with confirmed infections were further analyzed for CD4 cell lymphocyte number, plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration, hematological and blood chemistry parameters. The data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and Levene-S test for equality of variance. Results: Thirty five patients, 18 and 17 with HIV-2 and dual HIV-1/2 infections respectively were identified during the period covered by this study (2005-2012). The median age of the patients was 48 years old (Range: 42 - 70 years old) and mean CD4 cell count of HIV-2 patients at enrollment was 324 (Range: 16 - 696) and 350 (Range 54 - 863) per microlitre of blood for patients with dual HIV-1/2 infection. HIV-1 RNA was not detected in the plasma of the 18 patients with serological HIV-2 infection but 2 (11.8%) of the 17 patients with dual HIV-1/2 serological profile had detectable HIV-1 RNA (1,287,275 copies/ml and 1,816,491 copies/ml). Conclusion: The results emphasize the need to consider HIV-2 infection in the investigation of patients presenting with the AIDS related illness but with negative HIV-1serology. The study also shows the importance of inclusion of multispot HIV-1 and 2 rapid tests for differentiating HIV-1 from HIV-2 infections in regions where both types of HIV circulate or epidemiologically indicated.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection with HIV is high among Nigerians. Some studies have suggested impaired CD4 recovery among coinfected patients compared to the HIV mono infected. This retrospective study of treatme...Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection with HIV is high among Nigerians. Some studies have suggested impaired CD4 recovery among coinfected patients compared to the HIV mono infected. This retrospective study of treatment-na?ve HIV infected patients was aimed at determining the trend of changes in CD4+ counts, HIV-RNA and renal and liver function tests in response to combined antiretroviral therapy (CART). A questionnaire was utilised to extract clinical and laboratory data of HBV co infected HIV/AIDS patients before treatment and at six, twelve and eighteen months of therapy with CART. Findings were compared to those of HIV mono infected. Relevant statistical instruments were used to analyse for comparisons of means of Log10 HIV viral load and CD4 count using SPSS package 15.0. All levels of sig-nificance were at 5 %. Two thousand five hundred and sixty two patients were analysed. Of these, 354(13.8%) were HBsAg positive. Majority (63.1%) were females. Most of the recruited patients were on combivir and nevirapine. The median CD4 count for the HBsAg negative was 104 cells/mm3 (IQR 34 – 171) and it was significantly higher than those of the positive (91 cells/mm3) (p < 0.05). ALT and AST were higher among HBsAg positives, while urea and creatinine levels were similar. The median change in CD4 count from baseline and during the course of therapy were similar in the two groups. Similarly, virological responses were not different in the two groups at the various time points. In con-clusion no significant difference in the rate of CD4 recovery and HIV-RNA decline in among coinfected and monoin-fected HIV patients at different stages of therapy.展开更多
文摘Background: HIV-2 is comparatively less pathogenic with slow progression of infection to clinical disease and consequently there is less of information on the occurrence of HIV-2 associated disease than HIV-1. We hereby describe some laboratory profiles of individuals presenting with HIV-2 and dual HIV-1/2 related AIDS at the University College hospital in Ibadan over a period of seven years. Methodology: Blood samples from patients presenting with the AIDS defining illness at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria were tested for antibodies to HIV-1/2 using rapid test devices or ELISA. Initially reactive samples were further tested by immunoblotting for differentiation into HIV-1 or HIV-2 or HIV-1/2 dual infection. Blood samples from individuals with confirmed infections were further analyzed for CD4 cell lymphocyte number, plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration, hematological and blood chemistry parameters. The data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and Levene-S test for equality of variance. Results: Thirty five patients, 18 and 17 with HIV-2 and dual HIV-1/2 infections respectively were identified during the period covered by this study (2005-2012). The median age of the patients was 48 years old (Range: 42 - 70 years old) and mean CD4 cell count of HIV-2 patients at enrollment was 324 (Range: 16 - 696) and 350 (Range 54 - 863) per microlitre of blood for patients with dual HIV-1/2 infection. HIV-1 RNA was not detected in the plasma of the 18 patients with serological HIV-2 infection but 2 (11.8%) of the 17 patients with dual HIV-1/2 serological profile had detectable HIV-1 RNA (1,287,275 copies/ml and 1,816,491 copies/ml). Conclusion: The results emphasize the need to consider HIV-2 infection in the investigation of patients presenting with the AIDS related illness but with negative HIV-1serology. The study also shows the importance of inclusion of multispot HIV-1 and 2 rapid tests for differentiating HIV-1 from HIV-2 infections in regions where both types of HIV circulate or epidemiologically indicated.
文摘Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection with HIV is high among Nigerians. Some studies have suggested impaired CD4 recovery among coinfected patients compared to the HIV mono infected. This retrospective study of treatment-na?ve HIV infected patients was aimed at determining the trend of changes in CD4+ counts, HIV-RNA and renal and liver function tests in response to combined antiretroviral therapy (CART). A questionnaire was utilised to extract clinical and laboratory data of HBV co infected HIV/AIDS patients before treatment and at six, twelve and eighteen months of therapy with CART. Findings were compared to those of HIV mono infected. Relevant statistical instruments were used to analyse for comparisons of means of Log10 HIV viral load and CD4 count using SPSS package 15.0. All levels of sig-nificance were at 5 %. Two thousand five hundred and sixty two patients were analysed. Of these, 354(13.8%) were HBsAg positive. Majority (63.1%) were females. Most of the recruited patients were on combivir and nevirapine. The median CD4 count for the HBsAg negative was 104 cells/mm3 (IQR 34 – 171) and it was significantly higher than those of the positive (91 cells/mm3) (p < 0.05). ALT and AST were higher among HBsAg positives, while urea and creatinine levels were similar. The median change in CD4 count from baseline and during the course of therapy were similar in the two groups. Similarly, virological responses were not different in the two groups at the various time points. In con-clusion no significant difference in the rate of CD4 recovery and HIV-RNA decline in among coinfected and monoin-fected HIV patients at different stages of therapy.
