Gastric cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers.The incidence and mortality rates are quite similar.The main reason for the high mortality is diagnosis at advanced stages of disease,when treatment options are po...Gastric cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers.The incidence and mortality rates are quite similar.The main reason for the high mortality is diagnosis at advanced stages of disease,when treatment options are poor.One of the supposed strategies to overcome late-stage diagnosis is identifying people at high risk with the aim of establishing rigorous clinical control,including routine endoscopy and biopsies.Hereditary gastric cancer(HGC)syndromes,though representing a sizeable group to monitor for prevention or,at least,for early diagnosis,are apparently extremely rare.The low rate of HGC diagnosis might be related to the low rates of suspicion,insufficient familiarity about clinical diagnosis criteria,and the supposed conditional necessity of a molecular diagnosis.In this review,we will discuss simple measures to increase HGC diagnosis by applying three rules that might provide an opportunity for precision care to benefit the families affected by this disease.展开更多
The search for cancer biomarkers is frequently based on comparisons between tumors and adjacent-to-tumor samples. However, even after histological confirmation of been free of cancer cells, these adjacent-to-tumor sam...The search for cancer biomarkers is frequently based on comparisons between tumors and adjacent-to-tumor samples. However, even after histological confirmation of been free of cancer cells, these adjacent-to-tumor samples might harbor molecular alterations which are not sufficient to cause them to look like cancer, but can differentiate these cells from normal cells. When comparing them, potential biomarkers are missed, and mainly the opportunity of finding initial aberrations presents in both tumors and adjacent samples, but not in true normal samples from non-cancer patients, resulting in misinterpretations about the carcinogenic process. Nevertheless, collecting adjacent-to-tumor samples brings trumps to be explored. The addition of samples from non-cancer patients opens an opportunity to increase the finds of the molecular cascade of events in the carcinogenic process. Differences between normal samples and adjacent samples might represent the first steps of the carcinogenic process. Adding samples of non-cancer patients to the analysis of molecular alterations relevant to the carcinogenic process opens a new window of opporttmides to the discovery of cancer biomarkers and molecular targets.展开更多
基金Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)for fellowship support。
文摘Gastric cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers.The incidence and mortality rates are quite similar.The main reason for the high mortality is diagnosis at advanced stages of disease,when treatment options are poor.One of the supposed strategies to overcome late-stage diagnosis is identifying people at high risk with the aim of establishing rigorous clinical control,including routine endoscopy and biopsies.Hereditary gastric cancer(HGC)syndromes,though representing a sizeable group to monitor for prevention or,at least,for early diagnosis,are apparently extremely rare.The low rate of HGC diagnosis might be related to the low rates of suspicion,insufficient familiarity about clinical diagnosis criteria,and the supposed conditional necessity of a molecular diagnosis.In this review,we will discuss simple measures to increase HGC diagnosis by applying three rules that might provide an opportunity for precision care to benefit the families affected by this disease.
基金National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development and Coordination for Enhancement of Higher Education Personnel for fellowship support
文摘The search for cancer biomarkers is frequently based on comparisons between tumors and adjacent-to-tumor samples. However, even after histological confirmation of been free of cancer cells, these adjacent-to-tumor samples might harbor molecular alterations which are not sufficient to cause them to look like cancer, but can differentiate these cells from normal cells. When comparing them, potential biomarkers are missed, and mainly the opportunity of finding initial aberrations presents in both tumors and adjacent samples, but not in true normal samples from non-cancer patients, resulting in misinterpretations about the carcinogenic process. Nevertheless, collecting adjacent-to-tumor samples brings trumps to be explored. The addition of samples from non-cancer patients opens an opportunity to increase the finds of the molecular cascade of events in the carcinogenic process. Differences between normal samples and adjacent samples might represent the first steps of the carcinogenic process. Adding samples of non-cancer patients to the analysis of molecular alterations relevant to the carcinogenic process opens a new window of opporttmides to the discovery of cancer biomarkers and molecular targets.
