Dramatic changes in climatic conditions that supplement the biotic and abiotic stresses pose severe threat to the sustainable rice production and have made it a difficult task for rice molecular breeders to enhance pr...Dramatic changes in climatic conditions that supplement the biotic and abiotic stresses pose severe threat to the sustainable rice production and have made it a difficult task for rice molecular breeders to enhance production and productivity under these stress factors. The main focus of rice molecular breeders is to understand the fundamentals of molecular pathways involved in complex agronomic traits to increase the yield. The availability of complete rice genome sequence and recent improvements in rice genomics research has made it possible to detect and map accurately a large number of genes by using linkage to DNA markers. Linkage mapping is an effective approach to identify the genetic markers which are co-segregating with target traits within the family. The ideas of genetic diversity, quantitative trait locus（QTL） mapping, and marker-assisted selection（MAS） are evolving into more efficient concepts of linkage disequilibrium（LD） also called association mapping and genomic selection（GS）, respectively. The use of cost-effective DNA markers derived from the fine mapped position of the genes for important agronomic traits will provide opportunities for breeders to develop high-yielding, stress-resistant, and better quality rice cultivars. Here we focus on the progress of molecular marker technologies, their application in genetic mapping and evolution of association mapping techniques in rice.展开更多
An intensively irrigated area in southern part of Punjab Province,Pakistan,has been selected by the Punjab Irrigation Department(PID)to implement a Managed Aquifer Recharge(MAR)project.This project involves diverting ...An intensively irrigated area in southern part of Punjab Province,Pakistan,has been selected by the Punjab Irrigation Department(PID)to implement a Managed Aquifer Recharge(MAR)project.This project involves diverting floodwater from the Islam Headwork on Sutlej River into the abandoned Mailsi Canal.Utilizing various structures such as depressions,abandoned canals,flood channels,open fields,and deserts for MAR can reduce the flood intensity while recharging aquifer and wetlands.The study area,known for its fertile lands and serving as a food basket for the Punjab Province,is experiencing groundwa-ter depletion at the rate of 0.30 m to 0.70 m per year,significantly increasing pumping costs.This study aims to evaluate the suitability of the sites for the MAR project and assess the storage capacity of the aquifer for floodwater retention.Historical groundwater level data from 25 observation wells across an area of 1,522 km^(2)were analysed,with the study area divided in to 25 polygons using ArcMap10.6 software.Specific yield method was employed to assess the available storage capacity of the aquifer.Results indicate that the site is suitable for MAR and has the potential to store approximately 1.88 km3 of floodwater as of 2020,thereby reducing flood intensity and enhancing eco-hydrogeological conditions.MAR is identified as a Nature-Based Solution(NBS)for both flood mitigation and groundwater sustainability.展开更多
The combined use of plants and bacteria is a promising approach for the remediation of soil contaminated with organic pollutants. Different biotic and abiotie factors can affect the survival and activity of the applie...The combined use of plants and bacteria is a promising approach for the remediation of soil contaminated with organic pollutants. Different biotic and abiotie factors can affect the survival and activity of the applied bacteria and consequently plant growth and phy- toremediation efficiency. The effect of inoculum density on the abundance and expression of alkune-degrading genes in the rhizosphere of plant vegetated in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil has been rarely observed. In this study, an alkane-degrading bacterium （Pantoea sp. strain BTRH79）, at different inoculum densities （10^5 to 10^8 cells cm^-3 soil）, was inoculated to ryegrass （Lolium perenne） vegetated in diesel-contaminated soil to find the optimum inoculum density needed for its efficient colonization and hydrocarbon degradation activity. Bacterial inoculation improved plant growth and hydrocarbon degradation. Maximum plant growth and hydrocarbon degra- dation were observed with the inoculum having the highest cell density （10^8 cells cm^-3 soil）. Moreover, the inoculum with higher cell density exhibited more abundance and expression of alkane hydroxylase gene, CYP153. This study suggests that the inoculum density is one of the main factors that can affect bacterial colonization and activity during phytoremediation.展开更多
文摘Dramatic changes in climatic conditions that supplement the biotic and abiotic stresses pose severe threat to the sustainable rice production and have made it a difficult task for rice molecular breeders to enhance production and productivity under these stress factors. The main focus of rice molecular breeders is to understand the fundamentals of molecular pathways involved in complex agronomic traits to increase the yield. The availability of complete rice genome sequence and recent improvements in rice genomics research has made it possible to detect and map accurately a large number of genes by using linkage to DNA markers. Linkage mapping is an effective approach to identify the genetic markers which are co-segregating with target traits within the family. The ideas of genetic diversity, quantitative trait locus（QTL） mapping, and marker-assisted selection（MAS） are evolving into more efficient concepts of linkage disequilibrium（LD） also called association mapping and genomic selection（GS）, respectively. The use of cost-effective DNA markers derived from the fine mapped position of the genes for important agronomic traits will provide opportunities for breeders to develop high-yielding, stress-resistant, and better quality rice cultivars. Here we focus on the progress of molecular marker technologies, their application in genetic mapping and evolution of association mapping techniques in rice.
文摘An intensively irrigated area in southern part of Punjab Province,Pakistan,has been selected by the Punjab Irrigation Department(PID)to implement a Managed Aquifer Recharge(MAR)project.This project involves diverting floodwater from the Islam Headwork on Sutlej River into the abandoned Mailsi Canal.Utilizing various structures such as depressions,abandoned canals,flood channels,open fields,and deserts for MAR can reduce the flood intensity while recharging aquifer and wetlands.The study area,known for its fertile lands and serving as a food basket for the Punjab Province,is experiencing groundwa-ter depletion at the rate of 0.30 m to 0.70 m per year,significantly increasing pumping costs.This study aims to evaluate the suitability of the sites for the MAR project and assess the storage capacity of the aquifer for floodwater retention.Historical groundwater level data from 25 observation wells across an area of 1,522 km^(2)were analysed,with the study area divided in to 25 polygons using ArcMap10.6 software.Specific yield method was employed to assess the available storage capacity of the aquifer.Results indicate that the site is suitable for MAR and has the potential to store approximately 1.88 km3 of floodwater as of 2020,thereby reducing flood intensity and enhancing eco-hydrogeological conditions.MAR is identified as a Nature-Based Solution(NBS)for both flood mitigation and groundwater sustainability.
基金supported by the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan (No. 20-2011-1997)
文摘The combined use of plants and bacteria is a promising approach for the remediation of soil contaminated with organic pollutants. Different biotic and abiotie factors can affect the survival and activity of the applied bacteria and consequently plant growth and phy- toremediation efficiency. The effect of inoculum density on the abundance and expression of alkune-degrading genes in the rhizosphere of plant vegetated in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil has been rarely observed. In this study, an alkane-degrading bacterium （Pantoea sp. strain BTRH79）, at different inoculum densities （10^5 to 10^8 cells cm^-3 soil）, was inoculated to ryegrass （Lolium perenne） vegetated in diesel-contaminated soil to find the optimum inoculum density needed for its efficient colonization and hydrocarbon degradation activity. Bacterial inoculation improved plant growth and hydrocarbon degradation. Maximum plant growth and hydrocarbon degra- dation were observed with the inoculum having the highest cell density （10^8 cells cm^-3 soil）. Moreover, the inoculum with higher cell density exhibited more abundance and expression of alkane hydroxylase gene, CYP153. This study suggests that the inoculum density is one of the main factors that can affect bacterial colonization and activity during phytoremediation.
