Cissus quadrangularis L.及其它小型肉质植物标本制作中的压制前处理(英文)

以 Cissusquadrangularis L.为材料用不同的技术处理并比较其收缩程度、色彩保真程度以及茎附属物的保留情况。试验了 3种常规预处理方法及 2种针对肉质组织的处理方法 ,并进行 ANOVA(Analysis of variance)分析 ,结果显示 3种常规植物标本预处理方法明显不同 (P<0 .0 0 5 ) ,用 L SD(least significant difference)分析方法分析得出深冷冻法对植物标本造成的损害比汽油法 (LSD=1 .70 8)和福尔马林法 (LSD=2 .0 6 5 )要小 ;汽油法和福尔马林法处理后得到的标本质量无明显差别。用 ANOVA法分析醋酸法、纵切法得到的标本及未经任何处理的标本 ,它们的效果也有明显不同 (P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,醋酸法得到的标本比纵切法 (L SD=2 .3 71 )和未经任何处理得到的标本 (LSD=2 .1 3 8)效果更好 ,而纵切法和未经任何处理得到的标本并无明显不同 (LSD=0 .2 3 3 NS)。醋酸处理法制作小型肉质植物标本其效果得到了植物标本馆工作者的肯定。

Quantitative Estimates of Outcrossing Rates in a Natural Population of Caldesia grandis (Alismataceae)

Outcrossing rate in a natural population of Caldesia grandis was estimated by the dominant random amplified polymorphism DNA （RAPD） marker using 10 open-pollinated progeny arrays of 24 individuals. The multilocus outcrossing rate estimated based on all 25 RAPD loci was 0.872 ±0.033 and the single-locus outcrossing rate was 0.795 ±0.032. Multilocus esti- mates did not differ significantly from the single-locus estimates. The fixation index, F, in the progeny estimated from RAPD data was -0.142 ±0.000. The estimates of multilocus outcrossing rates （tm） and single-locus outcrossing rates （ts） obtained from MLDT clearly indicate that outcrossing is predominant in the open-pollinated C. grandis population. An empirical analysis suggests that 15 should be the minimum number of dominant marker loci necessary to achieve robust estimates of tm.