Farmers’precision pesticide technology adoption and its influencing factors:Evidence from apple production areas in China

The research aimed to understand farmers’willingness to adopt(WTA)and willingness to pay(WTP)for precision pesticide technologies and analyzed the determinants of farmers’decision-making.We used a two-stage approach to consider farmers’WTA and WTP for precision pesticide technologies.A survey of 545 apple farmers was administered in Bohai Bay and the Loess Plateau in China.The data were analyzed using the double-hurdle model.The results indicated that 78.72%of respondents were willing to apply precision pesticide technologies provided by service organizations such as cooperatives and dedicated enterprises,and 69.72%were willing to buy the equipment for using precision pesticide technologies.The results of the determinant analysis indicated that farmers’perceived perceptions,farm scale,cooperative membership,access to digital information,and availability of financial services had significant and positive impacts on farmers’WTA precision pesticide technologies.Cooperative membership,technical training,and adherence to environmental regulations increased farmers’WTP for precision pesticide technologies.Moreover,nonlinear relationships between age,agricultural experience,and farmers’WTA and WTP for precision pesticide technology services were found.

Effect and economic benefit of precision seeding and laser land leveling for winter wheat in the middle of China

Rapid socio-economic changes in China,such as land conversion and urbanization,are creating new scopes for the application of precision agriculture(PA).An experiment to assess the economic benefits of two precision agriculture methods was applied for one year–precision seeding and precision seeding with land leveling.Whilst the results for this were positive,of itself it did not provide evidence of longer terms gains.The costs of land leveling are accrued in a single year but the benefits could carry over into subsequent years.Thus,in this case if the PA method provides carry over benefits to future years,the economic assessment would incorrectly assign all the costs to a single year of benefits i.e.the benefit-cost ratio would be underestimated.To gauge whether there was carry over benefits in future years we looked at NDVI and GUI as proxies for future year benefits.For the single year experiment,our results showed that:(1)Winter wheat yield was increased 23.2%through the integration of precision seeding and laser leveling technologies.(2)Both the single technology and the integrated technologies significant reduced the concentration of soil ammonium nitrogen at the depths of 60 cm;(3)The benefit/cost ratio's of the treatments exceeded that of the baseline by approximately 10%which translated to an increase of several hundred US$per hectare.The NDVI analysis showed that the effect of laser land leveling could last to the next two years.When considering the multi-year impact of land leveling,the benefit/cost ratio of PSLL will increase to 23.5%and 22.9%with and without laser land leveling subsidies.Making clear the eco-nomic benefits of using PA technologies will likely promote application of the technologies in the region.