Introduction: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been proposed in several countries as the main preventive measure despite very limited data, particularly in dialysis patients. We conducted this study to...Introduction: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been proposed in several countries as the main preventive measure despite very limited data, particularly in dialysis patients. We conducted this study to assess the immunological response to vaccination in Senegalese hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective study, in two dialysis centers in Dakar from March 30<sup>th</sup> to August 30<sup>th</sup>, 2021 including patients on hemodialysis for >6 months, vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 according to the vaccination schedule recommended by WHO. A vaccine response was considered positive when seroconversion was observed after one dose of vaccine. The clinical efficacy of immunization was defined as the absence of new COVID-19 infection in patients who received a complete vaccination. Results: Among the 81 patients included in the study, 7.4% had anti-Spike IgM antibodies before their first vaccination. Seroprevalence of IgM antibodies was 38.3% one month after the first vaccine dose (at M1) and 8.6% one month after the second dose (at M4). Anti-Spike IgG antibodies were present in 40.3% of patients before vaccination, in 90.1% at M1, and in 59.7% at M4. Among patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, 10.2% had IgM antibodies at M0, 31.6% at M1, and 10.5% at M4 post-vaccination. Similarly, seroprevalences of IgG antibodies in this subgroup were 31.5%, 61.3%, and 50.0% respectively at M0, M1, and M4 post-vaccination. A comparison of seroconversion rates between M0 and M4 showed significant differences only for IgG in COVID-19 naive patients. Mean duration in dialysis and the existence of previous COVID-19 infection were associated with patients’ vaccinal response after the two doses. Age, gender and the use of immunosuppressive treatment did not influence post-vaccinal antibody production. Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 in Senegalese hemodialysis patients induced a low seroconversion rate but it was well tolerated. Moreover, the induced protection was neither strong nor durable, particularly in patients with longer duration in dialysis.展开更多
Objective: Evaluate the immunological status to hepatitis B virus of Senegalese pregnant women by screening HBs antigen. Material and methods: The selection criteria of women were presence at the laboratory for biolog...Objective: Evaluate the immunological status to hepatitis B virus of Senegalese pregnant women by screening HBs antigen. Material and methods: The selection criteria of women were presence at the laboratory for biological exams of pregnancy follow-up. All volunteers for the study were screened for HBs antigen (HBs Ag). Investigation of chronic hepatitis B markers (HBe Ag, anti-HBe, viral quantification) was performed in HBs Ag positive participants. The concentration of anti-HBs antibodies was assessed in HBs Ag negative women. Results: One hundred and fifteen (115) pregnant women were included in the study from July to October 2014. The mean age was 29 ± 6 years, ranging from 16 to 47. The seroprevalence of HBs Ag was 12% and the majority of women (90%) were not vaccinated. Any of the 14 HBs Ag-positive subjects did not express serum HBe Ag, (marker of active viral replication) and all were positive for anti-HBe antibodies. Their viral load (HBV DNA) was undetectable and serum transaminases were normal. The anti-HBs antibodies titrated in HBs-Ag negative women serum revealed that only 46 had protective levels against HBV whilst 55 of them were unprotected.展开更多
Background: Chronic hepatitis is a major public health problem. The hepatitis B virus is the primary cause, and Hepatitis B and C together are responsible for 60% of cirrhosis and 80% of hepatocellular carcinomas. Thi...Background: Chronic hepatitis is a major public health problem. The hepatitis B virus is the primary cause, and Hepatitis B and C together are responsible for 60% of cirrhosis and 80% of hepatocellular carcinomas. This study measured the prevalence of HBsAg among Senegalese military to develop a strategy to prevent cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the army.Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among Senegalese army staff aged 25 to 60 years and divided this group into three strata: 25-34, 35-44 and 45-60 years. A sample of 1224 participants was selected following a two-level stratification. The mark of surface HBs antigen(Ag) was performed on 1195 participants using chemiluminescence(qualitative Architect HBsAg of Abbott Diagnostics Laboratories Germany) and enzyme immunoassay(Determines HBsAg) methods. The presence of HBsAg was analyzed according to age, marital status, alcohol consumption and glomerular filtration rate. Epi-info6 and R software were used, respectively, for data capture and analyses. A Chi-square test was performed to compare proportions considering an alpha significance level of 5% and a confidence interval of 95%.Results: The average age was 39.8±9.2 years. Participants in the age groups of 25-34 years, 45-60 years and 35-44 years were 30.7%, 34.4% and 34.9% of the sample, respectively. Married persons accounted for 82.6% of participants, and 17.08% were single. Most participants were educated(99%), and 56% had reached at least the secondary school level. Alcohol consumption was at 11.5%. The HBsAg prevalence rate was 10.8% [9.1% to 12.7%] with a significant difference between age groups(P<0.001), which ranged from 5.6% for 45-60 years, 9.62% in the 25-34 years group and 16.9% for the 35-44 years group. Marital status and alcohol consumption did not affect the carriage of HBsAg. The prevalence of HBsAg was more common among participants who had a glomerular filtration rate greater than 90 ml/min. Transaminases rate exceeded the normal threshold in 43 participants(3.6%). The increase was 6.6% [2.7% to 11.8%] of HBsAg carriers and 3.2% [1.2% to 6.7%] of alcohol users.Conclusion: The high prevalence of HBsAg in the military requires the implementation of an accessible prevention and care program to reduce the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This program will contribute to reducing the burden of communicable diseases, such as hepatitis and HIV/AIDS, and non-communicable diseases in the armed forces.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been proposed in several countries as the main preventive measure despite very limited data, particularly in dialysis patients. We conducted this study to assess the immunological response to vaccination in Senegalese hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective study, in two dialysis centers in Dakar from March 30<sup>th</sup> to August 30<sup>th</sup>, 2021 including patients on hemodialysis for >6 months, vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 according to the vaccination schedule recommended by WHO. A vaccine response was considered positive when seroconversion was observed after one dose of vaccine. The clinical efficacy of immunization was defined as the absence of new COVID-19 infection in patients who received a complete vaccination. Results: Among the 81 patients included in the study, 7.4% had anti-Spike IgM antibodies before their first vaccination. Seroprevalence of IgM antibodies was 38.3% one month after the first vaccine dose (at M1) and 8.6% one month after the second dose (at M4). Anti-Spike IgG antibodies were present in 40.3% of patients before vaccination, in 90.1% at M1, and in 59.7% at M4. Among patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, 10.2% had IgM antibodies at M0, 31.6% at M1, and 10.5% at M4 post-vaccination. Similarly, seroprevalences of IgG antibodies in this subgroup were 31.5%, 61.3%, and 50.0% respectively at M0, M1, and M4 post-vaccination. A comparison of seroconversion rates between M0 and M4 showed significant differences only for IgG in COVID-19 naive patients. Mean duration in dialysis and the existence of previous COVID-19 infection were associated with patients’ vaccinal response after the two doses. Age, gender and the use of immunosuppressive treatment did not influence post-vaccinal antibody production. Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 in Senegalese hemodialysis patients induced a low seroconversion rate but it was well tolerated. Moreover, the induced protection was neither strong nor durable, particularly in patients with longer duration in dialysis.
文摘Objective: Evaluate the immunological status to hepatitis B virus of Senegalese pregnant women by screening HBs antigen. Material and methods: The selection criteria of women were presence at the laboratory for biological exams of pregnancy follow-up. All volunteers for the study were screened for HBs antigen (HBs Ag). Investigation of chronic hepatitis B markers (HBe Ag, anti-HBe, viral quantification) was performed in HBs Ag positive participants. The concentration of anti-HBs antibodies was assessed in HBs Ag negative women. Results: One hundred and fifteen (115) pregnant women were included in the study from July to October 2014. The mean age was 29 ± 6 years, ranging from 16 to 47. The seroprevalence of HBs Ag was 12% and the majority of women (90%) were not vaccinated. Any of the 14 HBs Ag-positive subjects did not express serum HBe Ag, (marker of active viral replication) and all were positive for anti-HBe antibodies. Their viral load (HBV DNA) was undetectable and serum transaminases were normal. The anti-HBs antibodies titrated in HBs-Ag negative women serum revealed that only 46 had protective levels against HBV whilst 55 of them were unprotected.
文摘Background: Chronic hepatitis is a major public health problem. The hepatitis B virus is the primary cause, and Hepatitis B and C together are responsible for 60% of cirrhosis and 80% of hepatocellular carcinomas. This study measured the prevalence of HBsAg among Senegalese military to develop a strategy to prevent cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the army.Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among Senegalese army staff aged 25 to 60 years and divided this group into three strata: 25-34, 35-44 and 45-60 years. A sample of 1224 participants was selected following a two-level stratification. The mark of surface HBs antigen(Ag) was performed on 1195 participants using chemiluminescence(qualitative Architect HBsAg of Abbott Diagnostics Laboratories Germany) and enzyme immunoassay(Determines HBsAg) methods. The presence of HBsAg was analyzed according to age, marital status, alcohol consumption and glomerular filtration rate. Epi-info6 and R software were used, respectively, for data capture and analyses. A Chi-square test was performed to compare proportions considering an alpha significance level of 5% and a confidence interval of 95%.Results: The average age was 39.8±9.2 years. Participants in the age groups of 25-34 years, 45-60 years and 35-44 years were 30.7%, 34.4% and 34.9% of the sample, respectively. Married persons accounted for 82.6% of participants, and 17.08% were single. Most participants were educated(99%), and 56% had reached at least the secondary school level. Alcohol consumption was at 11.5%. The HBsAg prevalence rate was 10.8% [9.1% to 12.7%] with a significant difference between age groups(P<0.001), which ranged from 5.6% for 45-60 years, 9.62% in the 25-34 years group and 16.9% for the 35-44 years group. Marital status and alcohol consumption did not affect the carriage of HBsAg. The prevalence of HBsAg was more common among participants who had a glomerular filtration rate greater than 90 ml/min. Transaminases rate exceeded the normal threshold in 43 participants(3.6%). The increase was 6.6% [2.7% to 11.8%] of HBsAg carriers and 3.2% [1.2% to 6.7%] of alcohol users.Conclusion: The high prevalence of HBsAg in the military requires the implementation of an accessible prevention and care program to reduce the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This program will contribute to reducing the burden of communicable diseases, such as hepatitis and HIV/AIDS, and non-communicable diseases in the armed forces.
