Background: Cardiovascular rehabilitation in Germany traditionally is offered as inpatient service often located far from patient’s residence, and ambulatory rehabilitation still represents a minority. The German Reg...Background: Cardiovascular rehabilitation in Germany traditionally is offered as inpatient service often located far from patient’s residence, and ambulatory rehabilitation still represents a minority. The German Registry of Ambulatory Cardiac Rehabilitation (KARREE) was designed to contribute to rehabilitation quality assurance and to evaluate clinical characteristics of patients participating in ambulatory rehabilitation centers. Methods: In four ambulatory rehabilitation centers 2989 patients were consecutively registered from 2008 to 2011 and evaluated with respect to social status, cardiovascular diagnoses and risk factors, psychological status, medication and short term clinical and social outcome. Results: Most patients referred to the ambulatory cardiac rehabilitation had an acute cardiovascular event, with patients after acute coronary syndrome representing the majority (59.9%). Female were strongly underrepresented (16.7%). Patient’s clinical characteristics varied with the age groups evaluated ( 70 years). Whereas the reported physical inactivity, overweight and cigarette smoking was declining with age, diabetes and hypertension significantly increased. Furthermore the reported and evaluated psychosocial stress was declining with age. Regarding the group of patients still employed, 43.5 % were estimated as fit for work directly at the end of the rehabilitation program, whereas a stepwise reintegration into employment was performed in 16.7%. The majority of patients were transferred to ambulatory heart groups or other forms of after care for stabilizing regular physical activity. Conclusions: The large variation of the characteristics of patients participating cardiac rehabilitation underscore the need of an individualized approach for a successful implementation of secondary prevention and reintegration of these patients into their social life.展开更多
Ultrafast supercontinuum generation in gas-filled waveguides is an enabling technology for many intriguing applications ranging from attosecond metrology towards biophotonics,with the amount of spectral broadening cru...Ultrafast supercontinuum generation in gas-filled waveguides is an enabling technology for many intriguing applications ranging from attosecond metrology towards biophotonics,with the amount of spectral broadening crucially depending on the pulse dispersion of the propagating mode.In this study,we show that structural resonances in a gas-filled antiresonant hollow core optical fiber provide an additional degree of freedom in dispersion engineering,which enables the generation of more than three octaves of broadband light that ranges from deep UV wavelengths to near infrared.Our observation relies on the introduction of a geometric-induced resonance in the spectral vicinity of the ultrafast pump laser,outperforming gas dispersion and yielding a unique dispersion profile independent of core size,which is highly relevant for scaling input powers.Using a krypton-filled fiber,we observe spectral broadening from 200 nm to 1.7μm at an output energy of B 23μJ within a single optical mode across the entire spectral bandwidth.Simulations show that the frequency generation results from an accelerated fission process of solitonlike waveforms in a non-adiabatic dispersion regime associated with the emission of multiple phase-matched Cherenkov radiations on both sides of the resonance.This effect,along with the dispersion tuning and scaling capabilities of the fiber geometry,enables coherent ultra-broadband and high-energy sources,which range from the UV to the mid‐infrared spectral range.展开更多
文摘Background: Cardiovascular rehabilitation in Germany traditionally is offered as inpatient service often located far from patient’s residence, and ambulatory rehabilitation still represents a minority. The German Registry of Ambulatory Cardiac Rehabilitation (KARREE) was designed to contribute to rehabilitation quality assurance and to evaluate clinical characteristics of patients participating in ambulatory rehabilitation centers. Methods: In four ambulatory rehabilitation centers 2989 patients were consecutively registered from 2008 to 2011 and evaluated with respect to social status, cardiovascular diagnoses and risk factors, psychological status, medication and short term clinical and social outcome. Results: Most patients referred to the ambulatory cardiac rehabilitation had an acute cardiovascular event, with patients after acute coronary syndrome representing the majority (59.9%). Female were strongly underrepresented (16.7%). Patient’s clinical characteristics varied with the age groups evaluated ( 70 years). Whereas the reported physical inactivity, overweight and cigarette smoking was declining with age, diabetes and hypertension significantly increased. Furthermore the reported and evaluated psychosocial stress was declining with age. Regarding the group of patients still employed, 43.5 % were estimated as fit for work directly at the end of the rehabilitation program, whereas a stepwise reintegration into employment was performed in 16.7%. The majority of patients were transferred to ambulatory heart groups or other forms of after care for stabilizing regular physical activity. Conclusions: The large variation of the characteristics of patients participating cardiac rehabilitation underscore the need of an individualized approach for a successful implementation of secondary prevention and reintegration of these patients into their social life.
基金the federal state of Thuringia(FKZ:2012FGR0013 and FKZ:2016FGR0051)support from the Humboldt Foundation.R.S.acknowledges support from German Research Foundation(DFG)for funding through International Research Training Group(IRTG)2101support from German Research Foundation(DFG)via the project SCHM2655/3-1.
文摘Ultrafast supercontinuum generation in gas-filled waveguides is an enabling technology for many intriguing applications ranging from attosecond metrology towards biophotonics,with the amount of spectral broadening crucially depending on the pulse dispersion of the propagating mode.In this study,we show that structural resonances in a gas-filled antiresonant hollow core optical fiber provide an additional degree of freedom in dispersion engineering,which enables the generation of more than three octaves of broadband light that ranges from deep UV wavelengths to near infrared.Our observation relies on the introduction of a geometric-induced resonance in the spectral vicinity of the ultrafast pump laser,outperforming gas dispersion and yielding a unique dispersion profile independent of core size,which is highly relevant for scaling input powers.Using a krypton-filled fiber,we observe spectral broadening from 200 nm to 1.7μm at an output energy of B 23μJ within a single optical mode across the entire spectral bandwidth.Simulations show that the frequency generation results from an accelerated fission process of solitonlike waveforms in a non-adiabatic dispersion regime associated with the emission of multiple phase-matched Cherenkov radiations on both sides of the resonance.This effect,along with the dispersion tuning and scaling capabilities of the fiber geometry,enables coherent ultra-broadband and high-energy sources,which range from the UV to the mid‐infrared spectral range.
