超越凝视:附近“视域”中的观察行动何以缓解城市人兽冲突——以S市X社区人貉冲突问题为例

随着越来越多野生动物与人类共同栖息在城市,居民与野生动物之间产生冲突的频率日渐增加,这不仅需要提升城市生物多样性管理水平,而且需要城市居民观察、接纳附近“视域”中的野生动物,学习与“新邻居们”共存。与带有审判、监督含义的“凝视”不同,“观察”不仅指的是一种简单的视觉感知,还是指生命体对附近的生活世界保持高度敏感,以促进信息流动、情感关联并引导行动改变。因此,应该超越“凝视”,从经验层面研究人们的观察行动。观察行动有三个具体的维度,即行为认知、情感卷入与行动实践。即便面对同一个物种,人们对它的观察行动也大相径庭。不同的观察野生动物的行动对“人-野生动物”关系的影响也不同,其中科学与日常观察有利于提高居民对野生动物的认知,缓解居民与野生动物之间的冲突。这意味着,构建和谐、友善的社区需要人们在日常生活的附近“视域”中,与他者形成“你中有我、我中有你”的相互观察。

建筑垃圾资源化生产线的设计和实践

针对建筑垃圾成分复杂,其中泥土、织物、钢筋、木材、有机物等含量较高的特点,设计中结合原料成分及建设场地,设置了破碎前预处理+破碎后人工分拣+水力浮选+轻物质分离的工艺,以确保除净各种杂质。分拣出的废弃物分类放置、专门处理,把每种废弃物均转化成可利用的资源,设置了再生混凝土搅拌楼、再生制砖、再生水稳材料等产品链,实现建筑垃圾-再生骨料-再生制品的有机循环,可作为城市建筑垃圾资源化综合利用的示范推广。

大型钢渣辊压机联合粉磨装备及工艺开发研究

随着环保政策的推进,钢渣的资源化利用迫在眉睫,开发大型化、高效率的钢渣粉磨技术装备具有重要意义。采用齿条辊面大型钢渣辊压机,齿条辊的寿命预计达到10 000 h以上;研发了辊压机预粉磨系统的除铁技术,出辊压机料饼通过高效除铁的分体式专用管道除铁器,可有效解决除铁器磨损和安装角度对除铁率的影响,降低钢渣辊压机预粉磨能耗;经过对选粉机结构和转子反复的模拟比对,对动态选粉机的结构进行了优化改进,研究开发了用于高细物料的组合式分选技术,减少了压损,确保物料粒径控制在45μm以下而不跑粗,实现钢渣粉比表面积在350~450 m2/kg灵活可调。

Self-Reported Social Status among Rural Residents:A Case in the Outskirts of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region

China has in recent decades undergone profound changes and continues to do so—changes that are transforming the social fabric,motivating studies on how self-reported social status is changing in different parts of China.Applying a realist approach,the study emanates from theories on self-reported social status underlining the role of reference-groups,adding insights from the work of Pierre Bourdieu by introducing the terminology of habitus and types of capital.Furthermore,the study adds a spatial scale,thereby contributing to theoretical development.Hence the empirical study asked villagers to provide self-reported social status at village,county and national levels.The statistical analyses include objective and subjective conditions,representing economic,cultural,social,and symbolic capital,as well as other factors.The results confirm the relevance of the reference-group theory,with self-reported social status decreasing from village to national level.Based on multivariate analyses,the study identifies two segments of habitus at the village level,one at the county level and one at the national level,facilitating high scores on self-reported social status.These habitus segments underline the importance of incorporating spatial scale as a theoretical dimension.In doing so,the study reveals that a habitus segment including cultural capital of farming competence is important at village and county levels but is replaced at the national level by a segment including the social capital of instruction sources related to farming and not wanting to move.Furthermore,a habitus segment revolving around the economic capital of jobs outside farming,younger generations,and wanting to move is active at the village level.In addition to revealing reference-group differences this habitus segment also indicates that large-scale,national transitional forces are at work,facilitating new drivers for self-reported social status locally.

污染纠纷中的科技专家失责分析及管理对策

污染纠纷需要科技专家的智力支持,科技专家也会在具体的情境中进行理性选择。有时,科技专家会背离社会预期而表现出失责行为,造成严重的环境灾难和社会后果。根据失责程度从轻到重,失责行为可以归纳为三类:弹性选择、隐藏观点和故意扭曲。深入分析表明,弹性选择的实质是职业道德约束失灵下的趋利行为,隐藏观点是科技专家对环境污染纠纷焦点的沉默或回避,故意扭曲则是与政治经济强势者的共谋行为。针对失责行为的原因分析,本文提出针对弹性选择须建立行业自律机制,针对隐藏观点须建立柔性激励机制,针对故意扭曲行为应采取刚性的纠正机制。在项目制盛行的时代里,消除科技专家失责风险需要系统层面和社会层面的双重整合。