布鲁斯博物馆美国格林威治

布鲁斯博物馆是一家位于康涅狄格州格林威治的地区性文化机构,拥有多学科藏品和展览项目,将艺术、科学和自然历史融为一体。2014年,在一场全国性设计竞赛之后,布鲁斯博物馆踏上了振兴其园区的征程,以将该机构带入未来。竞赛结束后,设计团队领导了一项严格的初步规划研究,深入挖掘博物馆的需求,并为其作为社区资源的能力提供支持。

Structural Engineering of Anode Materials for Low-Temperature Lithium-Ion Batteries:Mechanisms,Strategies,and Prospects

The severe degradation of electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)at low temperatures poses a significant challenge to their practical applications.Consequently,extensive efforts have been contributed to explore novel anode materials with high electronic conductivity and rapid Li^(+)diffusion kinetics for achieving favorable low-temperature performance of LIBs.Herein,we try to review the recent reports on the synthesis and characterizations of low-temperature anode materials.First,we summarize the underlying mechanisms responsible for the performance degradation of anode materials at subzero temperatures.Second,detailed discussions concerning the key pathways(boosting electronic conductivity,enhancing Li^(+)diffusion kinetics,and inhibiting lithium dendrite)for improving the low-temperature performance of anode materials are presented.Third,several commonly used low-temperature anode materials are briefly introduced.Fourth,recent progress in the engineering of these low-temperature anode materials is summarized in terms of structural design,morphology control,surface&interface modifications,and multiphase materials.Finally,the challenges that remain to be solved in the field of low-temperature anode materials are discussed.This review was organized to offer valuable insights and guidance for next-generation LIBs with excellent low-temperature electrochemical performance.

Plasma induced grain boundaries to boost electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to formate

Bismuth-based catalysts are highly promising for the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)to formate product.However,achieving high activity and selectivity towards formate and ensuring long-term stability remains challenging.This work reports the oxygen plasma inducing strategy to construct the abundant grain boundaries of Bi/BiO_x on ultrathin two-dimensional Bi nanosheets.The oxygen plasma-treated Bi nanosheet(OP-Bi)exhibits over 90%Faradaic efficiency(FE)for formate at a wide potential range from-0.5 to-1.1 V,and maintains a great stability catalytic performance without significant decay over 30 h in flow cell.Moreover,membrane electrode assembly(MEA)device with OPBi as catalyst sustains the robust current density of 100 mA cm^(-2)over 50 h,maintaining a formate FE above 90%.In addition,rechargeable Zn-CO_(2)battery presents the peak power density of1.22 mW cm^(-2)with OP-Bi as bifunctional catalyst.The mechanism experiments demonstrate that the high-density grain boundaries of OP-Bi provide more exposed active sites,faster electron transfer capacity,and the stronger intrinsic activity of Bi atoms.In situ spectroscopy and theo retical calculations further elucidate that the unsaturated Bi coordination atoms between the grain boundaries can effectively activate CO_(2)molecules through elongating the C-O bond,and reducing the formation energy barrier of the key intermediate(^(*)OCOH),thereby enhancing the catalytic performance of eCO_(2)RR to formate product.

Effects of the degree of oral processing on the properties of saliva-participating emulsions:using stewed pork with brown sauce as the model

This work investigated the changes in properties of saliva-participating emulsions during different oral processing stages(the whole process from intake to swallowing was divided into five stages,i.e.,20%,40%,60%,80%and 100%stage).The stewed pork with brown sauce was masticated and the emulsion was collected for the determination of emulsion stability,droplet size,ζ-potential,interfacial tension,and microstructure.The results showed that the emulsion stability increased gradually during the oral processing and reached the highest level near the swallowing point.The droplet size of emulsion showed a significant downward trend(P<0.05).Microstructure observations also found different degrees of reduction in fat droplets size at different stages of oral processing.In addition,theζ-potential of food boluses emulsion was decreased from-16.4 mV to-41.2 mV and the interfacial tension decreased by 52.6%before and after oral progressing.In conclusion,the oral processing of stewed pork with brown sauce was essentially a process in which fat was constantly emulsified,and saliva might act as an emulsifier.This study provides new insights on understanding the oral processing process and sensory changes of fat.

Electronic modulation of two-dimensional bismuth-based nanosheets for electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction to formate: A review

Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(eCO_(2) RR)has significant relevance to settle the global energy crisis and abnormal climate problem via mitigating the excess emission of waste CO_(2) and producing high-value-added chemicals.Currently,eCO_(2) RR to formic acid or formate is one of the most technologically and economically viable approaches to realize high-efficiency CO_(2) utilization,and the development of efficient electrocatalysts is very urgent to achieve efficient and stable catalytic performance.In this review,the recent advances for two-dimensional bismuth-based nanosheets(2D Bi-based NSs)electrocatalysts are concluded from both theoretical and experimental perspectives.Firstly,the preparation strategies of 2D Bi-based NSs in aspects to precisely control the thickness and uniformity are summarized.In addition,the electronic regulation strategies of 2D Bi-based NSs are highlighted to gain insight into the effects of the structure-property relationship on facilitating CO_(2) activation,improving product selectivity,and optimizing carrier transport dynamics.Finally,the considerable challenges and opportunities of 2D Bi-based NSs are discussed to lighten new directions for future research of eCO_(2) RR.

2016-2019年唐山市臭氧污染及其与气象条件的关系

利用2016—2019年唐山市逐时O_(3)浓度和气象数据,分析了O_(3)污染特征及其与气象条件的关系。结果表明:2016年唐山市O_(3)超标天数为53 d,2017—2019年O_(3)超标天数每年在70 d以上,污染程度偏重。O_(3)月平均浓度值呈双峰型分布,6月O_(3)平均浓度值最大,达112.26μg·m^(-3),9月次之。O_(3)浓度超标日分布在3—10月,夏季超标天数最多,其他依次为春季、秋季,具有明显的季节变化特征。O_(3)日均浓度为15:00最大,日变化呈单峰型分布。O_(3)浓度与温度、风速正相关,与相对湿度负相关。气温高是导致O_(3)浓度超标的重要因素,日最高温度超过25℃时要考虑O_(3)浓度出现超标现象。相对湿度在50%左右及60%—80%时,O_(3)浓度超标率均大于30%,在60%—70%时O_(3)-8h浓度平均值达到最大。夏秋季O_(3)浓度超标率高与地面小风、较低的混合层高度有关。当日均风速1<V≤4 m·s^(-1)时,O_(3)浓度超标率较高。容易产生中度以上O_(3)污染的天气形势场为500 hPa高空受西北气流或高压脊影响,850 hPa有西南或偏南气流经过,地面大多处在高压后部、低压前部或低压辐合区内。

水晶包埋法在胎儿脏器管道铸型标本中的应用

目的探讨水晶包埋胎儿脏器管道铸型标本的制作及其应用价值。方法将搅拌并经真空抽离气泡后的水晶凝胶倒入内置有胎儿脏器管道铸型标本的亚克力板模具,待72 h凝固后对其进行脱模、打磨和抛光处理,最后制作并粘合底座至胎儿脏器管道铸型水晶包埋标本。结果胎儿脏器管道铸型水晶包埋标本成品精美、造型美观,能较好保存。结论用水晶包埋法制成的胎儿脏器管道铸型标本除了能有效保存用于生命科学馆的陈列观赏外,亦可满足解剖教学的实体应用,实现实体教学资源的有效利用和分配。

基于进程绑定的IBP缓存替换算法

LRU作为末级缓存的替换算法造成的缓存“抖动”现象严重的影响了缓存的效率,为此本文提出了基于进程绑定的IBP替换算法,通过将进程数据绑定到缓存中,并根据数据源的不同选取不同的替换策略,从替换策略的角度粗粒度的实现了缓存的划分,并与其他Cache划分方案相比硬件依赖明显减弱。在相同环境下提高了工作负载7%的运行速度,Cache缺失率下降了14%,并且随着核数的增多,对缓存效率的提升也更加明显。

Neuroprotective effects of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein during mild hypothermia on traumatic brain injury

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein（CIRP）, a key regulatory protein, could be facilitated by mild hypothermia in the brain, heart and liver. This study observed the effects of mild hypothermia at 31 ± 0.5℃ on traumatic brain injury in rats. Results demonstrated that mild hypothermia suppressed apoptosis in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus, facilitated CIRP m RNA and protein expression in these regions, especially in the hypothalamus. The anti-apoptotic effect of mild hypothermia disappeared after CIRP silencing. There was no correlation between mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and CIRP silencing. CIRP silencing inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 activation. These indicate that CIRP inhibits apoptosis by affecting extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 activation, and exerts a neuroprotective effect during mild hypothermia for traumatic brain injury.

Effect of post-weld heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy

6061 aluminum alloy T-joints were welded by double-pulsed MIG welding process. Then, the post-weld heat treatment was performed on the welded T-joints. The weld microstructure under different aging temperature and time was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were examined by hardness test and tensile test. The results showed that the micro-hardness was sensitive to heat treatment temperature and time. Increasing temperature was beneficial to the shortening of peak aging time. There were a large number of dislocations and few precipitates in the welded joints. With the increase of post-weld heat treatment temperature and time, the density of dislocation decreased. Meanwhile, the strengthening phase precipitated and grew up gradually. When the post-weld heat treatment temperature increased up to 200℃, large Q' phases were observed. And they were responsible for the peak value of the micro-hardness in the welded joints.

Influence of heat treatment conditions on bending characteristics of 6063 aluminum alloy sheets

Bending deformation behaviors of solution treated(ST),natural aged(NA)and T6tempered6063aluminum alloy sheetswere studied by three-point bending tests.The changes of bending force,interior angle,bending radius and sheet thickness in thefillet region were analyzed by experimental measurements and numerical simulations.The results showed that the bendingcharacteristics were strongly dependent on the heat treatment conditions.The T6alloy sheets were bent more sharply and localplastic deformation occurred severely in the fillet region.However,the ST and NA alloy sheets exhibited relatively uniform bendingdeformation and large bending radius.The bending force of T6alloy was the highest,followed by the NA alloy and that of the STalloy was minimum.After unloading,as compared with the ST and NA alloys,the springback of T6alloys was markedly larger.Theaging time showed a positive sensitivity on the springback and non-uniform bending deformability.The bending characteristics areattributed to the combined effects of yield strength,yield ratio and coefficient of neutral layer.

Study on inhomogeneous cooling behavior of extruded profile with unequal and large thicknesses during quenching using thermo-mechanical coupling model

The interfacial heat transfer coefficient between hot profile surface and cooling water was determined by using inverse heat conduction model combined with end quenching experiment. Then, a Deform-3 D thermo-mechanical coupling model for simulating the on-line water quenching of extruded profile with unequal and large thicknesses was developed. The temperature field, residual stress field and distortion of profile during quenching were investigated systematically. The results show that heat transfer coefficient increases as water flow rate increases. The peak heat transfer coefficient with higher water flow rates appears at lower interface temperatures. The temperature distribution across the cross-section of profile during quenching is severe nonuniform and the maximum temperature difference is 300 ℃ at quenching time of 3.49 s. The temperature difference through the thickness of different parts of profile first increases sharply to a maximum value, and then gradually decreases. The temperature gradient increases obviously with the increase of thickness of parts. After quenching, there exist large residual stresses on the inner side of joints of profile and the two ends of part with thickness of 10 mm. The profile presents a twisting-type distortion across the cross-section under non-uniform cooling and the maximum twisting angle during quenching is 2.78°.

Sequential treatment of severe pneumonia with respiratory failure and its influence on respiratory mechanical parameters and hemodynamics

BACKGROUND The pathophysiological characteristics of severe pneumonia complicated by respiratory failure comprise pulmonary parenchymal changes leading to ventilation imbalance,alveolar capillary injury,pulmonary edema,refractory hypoxemia,and reduced lung compliance.Prolonged hypoxia can cause acid-base balance disorder,peripheral circulatory failure,blood-pressure reduction,arrhythmia,and other adverse consequences.AIM To investigate sequential mechanical ventilation’s effect on severe pneumonia complicated by respiratory failure.METHODS We selected 108 patients with severe pneumonia complicated by respiratory failure who underwent mechanical ventilation between January 2018 and September 2020 at the Luhe Hospital’s Intensive Care Unit and divided them into sequential and regular groups according to a randomized trial,with each group comprising 54 patients.The sequential group received invasive and non-invasive sequential mechanical ventilation,whereas the regular group received invasive mechanical ventilation.Blood-gas parameters,hemodynamic parameters,respiratory mechanical parameters,inflammatory factors,and treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups before and after mechanical-ventilation treatment.RESULTS The arterial oxygen partial pressure and stroke volume variation values of the sequential group at 24,48,and 72 h of treatment were higher than those of the conventional group(P<0.05).The carbon dioxide partial pressure value of the sequential group at 72 h of treatment and the Raw value of the treatment group at 24 and 48 h were lower than those of the conventional group(P<0.05).The pH value of the sequential group at 24 and 72 h of treatment,the central venous pressure value of the treatment at 24 h,and the Cst value of the treatment at 24 and 48 h were higher than those of the conventional group(P<0.05).The tidal volume in the sequential group at 24 h of treatment was higher than that in the conventional group(P<0.05),the measured values of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αin the sequential group at 72 h of treatment were lower than those in the conventional group(P<0.05),and the total time of mechanical ventilation in the sequential group was shorter than that in the conventional group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Treating severe pneumonia complicated by respiratory failure with sequential mechanical ventilation is more effective in improving respiratory system compliance,reducing inflammatory response,maintaining hemodynamic stability,and improving patient blood-gas levels;however,from this study’s perspective,it cannot reduce patient mortality.

Construction of a chloroplast protein interaction network and functional mining of photosynthetic proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana

Chloroplast is a typical plant cell organelle where photosynthesis takes place. In this study, a total of 1 808 chloroplast core proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana were reliably identified by combining the results of previously published studies and our own predictions. We then constructed a chloroplast protein interaction network primarily based on these core protein interactions. The network had 22 925 protein interaction pairs which involved 2 214 proteins. A total of 160 previously uncharacterized proteins were annotated in this network. The subunits of the photosynthetic complexes were modularized, and the functional relationships among photosystem Ⅰ （PSI）, photosystem Ⅱ （PSII）, light harvesting complex of photosystem Ⅰ （LHC Ⅰ） and light harvesting complex of photosystem Ⅰ （LHC Ⅱ） could be deduced from the predicted protein interactions in this network. We further confirmed an interaction between an unknown protein AT1G52220 and a photosynthetic subunit PSI-D2 by yeast two-hybrid analysis. Our chloroplast protein interaction network should be useful for functional mining of photosynthetic proteins and investigation of chloroplast-related functions at the systems biology level in Arabidopsis.

A stringent dual control system overseeing transcription and activity of the Cre recombinase for the liver-specific conditional gene knock-out mouse model

Liver cancer is one of the most threatening diseases in Chinese population. Just like in other tissues, tumor initiation and development in liver involve multiple steps of genetic and epigenetic alterations with several unknown details. However, unlike in other tissues, a tissue specific inducible Cre recombinase system that allows temporal and spatial deletion of a target DNA fragment is still not available for in vivo functional gene annotation in hepatocytes. In our pursuit to establish such a mouse model, we designed a dual inducible Cre transgene system and tested it in cultured cells. By combining a CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β （C/EBP β） promoter derived Tet-off expression system and the estrogen receptor （ER） mediated functional control, we show a desirable profile of both hepatocyte-specificity and regulability of the Cre expression in a series of critical assessments in the cell culture system, which provides confidence in continuation of our ongoing pursuit in mouse.

New Progress regarding the Use of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Live Delivery Vectors, Treatment of Diseases and Induction of Immune Responses in Different Host Species Focusing on <i>Lactobacillus</i>Species

Lactobacillus species are non-spore-forming, gram-positive bacteria and lactic acid producing bacteria (LAPB) that naturally inhabit the human and animal gastrointestinal and mouth organs. The aim of this review was to evaluate the new progress regarding the use of Lactobacillus species as live delivery vectors, prevention, and treatment of pathogenic and metabolic diseases. Lactobacillus strains of probiotics have been extensively studied and have confirmed that they can absolutely improve performance as live delivery vectors, a treatment option of various diseases such as: Hemorrhagic cecal coccidiosis in young poultry, hypertension, avian flu, obesity, diabetes, Derzsy’s disease or parvovirus infection, human immunodeficiency virus infections, irritable bowel syndrome, gastrointestinal disorders, Fungal infections, vaginal eubiosis, fish and shellfish species diseases. We give you an idea about that Lactobacillus species have been proficient in preventing and treating both disorders in animal models and some are used for clinical trials. We present the most current studies on the use of Lactobacillus strains that had an impact on an effective immune response to a specific antigen because a variety of antigens have been expressed. Therefore Lactobacillus strains can be considered as good candidates because of its potential for diseases treatment and vaccine development as heterologous protein secretion to date.

Macadam’s theory in RGB laser display

We have developed Macadam’s theory to deal with RGB laser display, which can well describe the color gamut display system varying with the laser bandwidth. By calculating the volume of R¨osch–Macadam color solid of laser display system under the Rec.2020 standard, we can obtain that the volume of chromatic stereoscopic at 30-nm laser spectral linewidth is about 90% of that at 1 nm laser spectral linewidth, which is important in laser display system to trade off the color gamut and the suppression of laser speckles. Moreover, we can also calculate the color gamut volume with different primary numbers and different primary wavelengths.

Understanding the scale-up of fermentation processes from the viewpoint of the flow field in bioreactors and the physiological response of strains

The production capability of a fermentation process is predominately determined by individual strains,which ultimately affected ultimately by interactions between the scale-dependent flow field developed within bioreactors and the physiological response of these strains.Interpreting these complicated interactions is key for better understanding the scale-up of the fermentation process.We review these two aspects and address progress in strategies for scaling up fermentation processes.A perspective on how to incorporate the multiomics big data into the scale-up strategy is presented to improve the design and operation of industrial fermentation processes.

A small-molecule activator of ULK1 that induces cytoprotective autophagy for Parkinson disease treatment

OBJECTIVE To discover a small-molecule activator of ULK1 for Parkinson disease treatment and exploreits potential mechanisms.METHODS Candidate ULK1 activator was found by using structure-based design and high-through put screening,then modified by chemical synthesis and screened by kinase and autophgic activities.The amino acid residues that key to the activation site of the best candidate ULK1 activator(BL-918) were determined by site-directed mutagenesis,as well as in vitro kinase assay,ADP-Glo kinase assay and surface plasmon resonance(SPR) analysis.The mechanisms of BL-918 induced cytoprotective autophagy were investigated by electron microscopy,fluorescence microscopy,Western blotting,co-immunoprecipitation assay,si RNA and GFP-LC3 plasmid transfections.The therapeutic effect of BL-918 was determined by MPTP-mouse model,including behavioral tests,the levels of dopamine and its derivatives,as well as immunofluorescence and Western blotting.The toxicity of BL-918 was assessed by blood sample analysis and hematoxylin-eosin staining.RESULTS We discovered a small molecule(BL-918) as a potent activator of ULK1 by structure-based drug design.Subsequently,some key amino acid residues(Arg18,Lys50,Asn86 and Tyr89) were found to be crucial to the binding pocket between ULK1 and BL-918,by site-directed mutagenesis.Moreover,we found that BL-918 could induce autophagy via the ULK complex in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.Intriguingly,this activator displayed a cytoprotective effect on MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells,as well as protected against MPTP-induced motor dysfunction and loss of dopaminergic neurons by targeting ULK1-modulated autophagy in mouse models of PD.CONCLUSION We discovered a novel ULK1 activator(BL-918) that potently activated ULK1.This activator could induce cytoprotective autophagy via the ULK1 complex in SH-SY5Y cells,and also exerted its neuroprotective effects by targeting ULK1-modulated autophagy in a MPTP-induced PD mouse model,which may serve as a candidate drug for future PD therapy.

Design and Analysis of Transmitter Charge Switch Assembly Load on Weather Radar Test Platform

This paper provides a new method for designing the load of transmitters switch components on provincial radar test platform. Based on the calculation of the specific parameters related to the actual charge switch components, the load-related data model is obtained, the simulation is carried out, and the results are consistent with the actual test results. Through the theoretical numerical analysis of the load of the charging switch components of the transmitter device in the new generation of weather radar maintenance test platform, radar maintenance personnel at all levels can deepen the thorough understanding of the CINRAD/SA transmitter and have some enlightenment and improvement on the maintenance guarantee ability of the new generation of weather radar.