Polarization of M1 tumor associated macrophage promoted by the activation of TLR3 signal pathway

Objective: To investigate the correlation between activation of toll-like receptors 3(TLR3) signaling pathway and tumor-associated macrophage and its effect on the tumor growth. Methods: The mice Lewis lung cancer cell lines 3LL and melanoma B16H10 were used to construct the subcutaneous transplantation tumor models and then they were treated with Poly-ICLC. The curative effect was observed and then the T cell and macrophage phenotypes infiltrated in local tumor were detected by flow cytometry. After the in vitro culture of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage, the real-time PCR and western blot were applied to detect the expression of macrophage activation markers and the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Results: The survival time of mice with brown tumor treated with Poly-ICLC significantly increased and the tumor growth was inhibited. The ratio of local tumor-infiltrated Treg decreased, while the ratio of CD8+ T cell increased significantly. The macrophages surface CD206 expression was down-regulated while the expression of i NOS increased. The Poly-ICLC could promote the expression of M1 markers(IL-1毬, TNF-α毩 and i NOS) in bone marrow-derived macrophage and inhibited the expression of M2 molecules(Arg-1, YM-1 and CD206). The phosphorylation level of downstream p65, TBK1 and IRF3 increased significantly. Conclusions: The Poly-ICLC can activate the TLR3 downstream signaling pathway to induce a M1 polarization of tumor associated macrophage, thereby inhibiting the tumor growth.

Prone position combined with high-flow nasal oxygen could benefit spontaneously breathing, severe COVID-19 patients:A case report

BACKGROUND Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in Wuhan,China in December 2019,the overall fatality rate of severe and critical patients with COVID-19 is high and the effective therapy is limited.CASE SUMMARY In this case report,we describe a case of the successful combination of the prone position(PP)and high-flow nasal oxygen(HFNO)therapy in a spontaneously breathing,severe COVID-19 patient who presented with fever,fatigue and hypoxemia and was diagnosed by positive throat swab COVID-19 RNA testing.The therapy significantly improved the patient's clinical symptoms,oxygenation status,and radiological characteristics of lung injury during hospitalization,and the patient showed good tolerance and avoided intubation.Additionally,we did not find that medical staff wearing optimal airborne personal protective equipment(PPE)were infected by the new coronavirus in our institution.CONCLUSION We conclude that the combination of PP and HFNO could benefit spontaneously breathing,severe COVID-19 patients.The therapy does not increase risk of healthcare workers wearing optimal airborne PPE to become infected with virus particles.

Integrable boundary conditions for the B2 model

New integrable B2 model with off-diagonal boundary reflections is proposed.The general solutions of the reflection matrix for the B2 model are obtained by using the fusion technique.Wefind that the reflection matrix has 7 free boundary parameters,which are used to describe the degree of freedom of boundary couplings,without breaking the integrability of the system.The new quantization conditions will induce the novel structure of the energy spectrum and the boundary states.The corresponding boundary effects can be studied based on the results in this paper.Meanwhile,the reflection matrix of high rank models associated with Bnalgebra can also be obtained by using the method suggested in this paper.