Recycling millions of metric tons of spent LiFePO_(4) batteries would benefit human health while reducing resource depletion and environmental pollution.However,recovering individual elements from the spent batteries ...Recycling millions of metric tons of spent LiFePO_(4) batteries would benefit human health while reducing resource depletion and environmental pollution.However,recovering individual elements from the spent batteries without generating waste is challenging.Here,we present a distinctive approach for recycling spent LiFePO_(4) batteries at room temperature,where water is the only leaching agent consumed.FePO_(4) and lithium intercalated graphite act as a precursor material for selectively extracting lithium,iron,and phosphorus through charging the LiFePO_(4) batteries to the delithiated state.NaOH solution extracted Fe from FePO_(4) within 30 min and regenerated without consumption,similar to a catalyst.Under the optimal leaching conditions(1 mol·L^(-1) NaOH,0.5 h,NaOH/Fe molar ratio of 4.5),Fe and P leaching efficiencies achieved 89.1%and 99.2%,respectively.The methodology reflected in this research reduced the material cost per kg cathode material to a fraction of previously published reports,only occupies 6.13%of previous reports.In addition,the method improved the battery recycling revenue calculated by the EverBatt model by 2.31 times and 1.94 times over pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods.The proposed method allows for the convenient recovery of the elemental components of spent LiFePO_(4) batteries.展开更多
The burgeoning growth of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has caused great concern for the uninterrupted supply of lithium.Although spent LIBs are a richer source of lithium than the natural resources from ore,salt lake bri...The burgeoning growth of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has caused great concern for the uninterrupted supply of lithium.Although spent LIBs are a richer source of lithium than the natural resources from ore,salt lake brine,or seawater,traditional methodology for recycling of lithium in spent LIBs suffers from costly energy consumption and the generation of unfriendly environmental pollutants.展开更多
Lithium(Li)is a promising candidate for nextgeneration battery anode due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low reduction potential.However,safety issues derived from the uncontrolled growth of Li dendrite ...Lithium(Li)is a promising candidate for nextgeneration battery anode due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low reduction potential.However,safety issues derived from the uncontrolled growth of Li dendrite and huge volume change of Li hinder its practical application.C onstructing dendrite-free composite Li anodes can significantly alleviate the above problems.Copper(Cu)-based materials have bee n widely used as substrates of the composite electrodes due to their chemical stability,excellent conductivity,and good mechanical strength.Copper/lithium(Cu/Li)composite anodes significantly regulate the local current density and decrease Li nucleation overp otential,realizing the uniform and dendrite-free Li deposition.In this review,Cu/Li composite methods including electrodeposition,melting infusion,and mechanical rolling are systematically summarized and discussed.Additionally,design strategies of Cu-based current collectors for high performance Cu/Li composite anodes are illustrated.General challenges and future development for Cu/Li composite anodes are presented and postulated.We hope that this review can provide a comprehensive understanding of Cu/Li composite methods of the latest development of Li metal anode and stimulate more research in the future.展开更多
基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2020B090919003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51872157)+2 种基金Shenzhen Technical Plan Project(Nos.JCYJ20170412170911187 and JCYJ20170817161753629)Guangdong Technical Plan Project(No.2017B090907005)the Key Project of Core Technology Tackling of Guangdong City of Dongguan(No.2019622119003)。
文摘Recycling millions of metric tons of spent LiFePO_(4) batteries would benefit human health while reducing resource depletion and environmental pollution.However,recovering individual elements from the spent batteries without generating waste is challenging.Here,we present a distinctive approach for recycling spent LiFePO_(4) batteries at room temperature,where water is the only leaching agent consumed.FePO_(4) and lithium intercalated graphite act as a precursor material for selectively extracting lithium,iron,and phosphorus through charging the LiFePO_(4) batteries to the delithiated state.NaOH solution extracted Fe from FePO_(4) within 30 min and regenerated without consumption,similar to a catalyst.Under the optimal leaching conditions(1 mol·L^(-1) NaOH,0.5 h,NaOH/Fe molar ratio of 4.5),Fe and P leaching efficiencies achieved 89.1%and 99.2%,respectively.The methodology reflected in this research reduced the material cost per kg cathode material to a fraction of previously published reports,only occupies 6.13%of previous reports.In addition,the method improved the battery recycling revenue calculated by the EverBatt model by 2.31 times and 1.94 times over pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods.The proposed method allows for the convenient recovery of the elemental components of spent LiFePO_(4) batteries.
基金financially supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No.2020B090919003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51872157)+2 种基金Shenzhen Technical Plan Project (Nos.JCYJ20170412170911187 and JCYJ20170817161753629)Guangdong Technical Plan Project (No.2017B090907005)the Key Project of Core Technology Tackling of Guangdong City of Dongguan (No.2019622119003)
文摘The burgeoning growth of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has caused great concern for the uninterrupted supply of lithium.Although spent LIBs are a richer source of lithium than the natural resources from ore,salt lake brine,or seawater,traditional methodology for recycling of lithium in spent LIBs suffers from costly energy consumption and the generation of unfriendly environmental pollutants.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB2500200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52302243)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022M721029 and 2022M721030)。
文摘Lithium(Li)is a promising candidate for nextgeneration battery anode due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low reduction potential.However,safety issues derived from the uncontrolled growth of Li dendrite and huge volume change of Li hinder its practical application.C onstructing dendrite-free composite Li anodes can significantly alleviate the above problems.Copper(Cu)-based materials have bee n widely used as substrates of the composite electrodes due to their chemical stability,excellent conductivity,and good mechanical strength.Copper/lithium(Cu/Li)composite anodes significantly regulate the local current density and decrease Li nucleation overp otential,realizing the uniform and dendrite-free Li deposition.In this review,Cu/Li composite methods including electrodeposition,melting infusion,and mechanical rolling are systematically summarized and discussed.Additionally,design strategies of Cu-based current collectors for high performance Cu/Li composite anodes are illustrated.General challenges and future development for Cu/Li composite anodes are presented and postulated.We hope that this review can provide a comprehensive understanding of Cu/Li composite methods of the latest development of Li metal anode and stimulate more research in the future.