Fructose and glucose are often widely used in food processing and may contribute to many metabolic diseases.To observe the effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on human metabolism and cellular communicat...Fructose and glucose are often widely used in food processing and may contribute to many metabolic diseases.To observe the effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on human metabolism and cellular communication,volunteers were given low,medium,and high doses of glucose and fructose.Serum cytokines,glucose,lactate,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)and metabolic enzymes were assayed,and central carbon metabolic pathway networks and cytokine communication networks were constructed.The results showed that the glucose and fructose groups basically maintained the trend of decreasing catabolism and increasing anabolism with increasing dose.Compared with glucose,low-dose fructose decreased catabolism and increased anabolism,significantly enhanced the expression of the inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ(IFN-γ),macrophage-derived chemokine(MDC),induced protein-10(IP-10),and eotaxin,and significantly reduced the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase(ICDH)and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes(PDHC).Both medium and high doses of fructose increase catabolism and anabolism,and there are more cytokines and enzymes with significant changes.Furthermore,multiple cytokines and enzymes show strong relevance to metabolic regulation by altering the transcription and expression of enzymes in central carbon metabolic pathways.Therefore,excessive intake of fructose should be reduced to avoid excessive inflammatory responses,allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases.展开更多
Objective:The effect of casein glycomacropeptide(CGMP)on the expression of NF-B subunit p65 in human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was investigated to explore the therapeutic efficacy...Objective:The effect of casein glycomacropeptide(CGMP)on the expression of NF-B subunit p65 in human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was investigated to explore the therapeutic efficacy of CGMP for human colorectal cancer.Methods:HT-29 cells cultured in 96-well plates were stimulated with LPS for 30 min at the concentrations of 0,0.001,0.01,0.1,1 and 10g/mL.After stimulation,the expression of p65 in HT-29 cells was evaluated by immunofluorescence method.Similarly,HT-29 cells were incubated with 0,0.001,0.01,0.1,1,10 and 100g/mL CGMP for 24 h at the optimal LPS concentration.After treatment with CGMP under the incubation with optimal LPS concentration for 30 min,the protein expression of p65 was analyzed by Western blotting.The optimum culture time was evaluated by incubating HT-29 cells with the optimal CGMP concentration for 6,12,24,48 and 72 h.Results:NF-B-p65 revealed that the highest protein expression was achieved with 1g/mL LPS treatment.Meanwhile,CGMP could inhibit the protein expression of NF-B-p65 in LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells,and the optimal inhibitory effect was observed at a CGMP concentration of 0.01g/mL with 48 h incubation.Conclusion:CGMP can regulate NF-B signaling pathway through inhibiting the expression of its subunit p65,which is beneficial for the further improvement of human colorectal cancer treatment.展开更多
The energy substances(mainly carbohydrates and fats)are the basis and guarantee of life activity,especially the oxidative phosphorylation for energy supply.However,excessive absorption and accumulation of these substa...The energy substances(mainly carbohydrates and fats)are the basis and guarantee of life activity,especially the oxidative phosphorylation for energy supply.However,excessive absorption and accumulation of these substances can lead to metabolic diseases such as obesity,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,and cancers.A large amount of studies demonstrate that G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)play a key role in identification and absorption of energy substances,and the signaling network of nerves,immune,and endocrine regulates their storage and utilization.The gastrointestinal mucus layer not only identifies these substances through identification in diet components but also transfers immune,metabolic,and endocrine signals of hormones,cytokines,and chemokines by promoting interactions between receptors and ligands.These signaling molecules are transferred to corresponding organs,tissues,and cells by the circulatory system,and cell activity is regulated by amplifying of cell signals that constitute the wireless communication network among cells in the body.Absorption,accumulation,and utilization of energy substances in the body obey the law of energy conservation.Energy is stored in the form of fat,and meets the demand of body via two coupled mechanisms:catabolism and oxidative phosphorylation.Under normal physiological conditions,fat consumption involves ketone body metabolism through the circulatory system and glucose consumption requires blood lactic acid cycle.Accumulation of excessive energy leads to the abnormal activation of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),thus promoting the excretion of glucose or glycogen in the form of blood glucose and urine glucose.Alternatively,the body cancels the intercellular contact inhibition and promotes cell proliferation to induce carcinogenesis,which can induce the consumption of large amounts of glucose.Intercellular communication is performed by signaling molecules via sensing,absorption,accumulation,and utilization of energy substances,and anabolism and catabolism are controlled by the central metabolic pathway.Therefore,slower catabolism will result in longer life expectancy,whereas faster catabolism results in shorter life expectancy.Energy substances in diet influence the balance between energy and metabolism in the body through the sensing function of the gastrointestinal system at two levels:cellular communication network and metabolic network.The present review of studies aims to strengthen our knowledge on cellular communication and metabolic networks to offer a dietary guidance on the metabolism and communication role of various foods.展开更多
Sweet and umami tastes are elicited by sweet and umami receptors on the tongue and palate epithelium,respectively.However,the molecular machinery allowing the taste reaction remains incompletely understood.Through a p...Sweet and umami tastes are elicited by sweet and umami receptors on the tongue and palate epithelium,respectively.However,the molecular machinery allowing the taste reaction remains incompletely understood.Through a phosphoproteomic approach,we identified the key proteins that trigger taste mechanisms based on phosphorylation cascades.Ryanodine receptor isoform 1(RYR1)was further verified by sensory and behavioral assays.We propose a model of RYR1-mediated sweet/umami signaling in which the RYR1 channel,which mediates Ca^(2+)release from the endoplasmic reticulum,is closed by dephosphorylation in bud tissue after sweet/umami treatment.The alteration in Ca^(2+)content in the cytosol induces transient membrane depolarization and generates a cell current for taste signal transduction.We demonstrate that RYR1 is a new channel involved in the regulation of sweet/umami signal transduction and propose a“metabolic clock”notion based on sweet/umami sensing.Our study provides a valuable foundation for a system-level understanding of the taste perception mechanism.展开更多
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901782)。
文摘Fructose and glucose are often widely used in food processing and may contribute to many metabolic diseases.To observe the effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on human metabolism and cellular communication,volunteers were given low,medium,and high doses of glucose and fructose.Serum cytokines,glucose,lactate,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)and metabolic enzymes were assayed,and central carbon metabolic pathway networks and cytokine communication networks were constructed.The results showed that the glucose and fructose groups basically maintained the trend of decreasing catabolism and increasing anabolism with increasing dose.Compared with glucose,low-dose fructose decreased catabolism and increased anabolism,significantly enhanced the expression of the inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ(IFN-γ),macrophage-derived chemokine(MDC),induced protein-10(IP-10),and eotaxin,and significantly reduced the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase(ICDH)and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes(PDHC).Both medium and high doses of fructose increase catabolism and anabolism,and there are more cytokines and enzymes with significant changes.Furthermore,multiple cytokines and enzymes show strong relevance to metabolic regulation by altering the transcription and expression of enzymes in central carbon metabolic pathways.Therefore,excessive intake of fructose should be reduced to avoid excessive inflammatory responses,allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases.
文摘Objective:The effect of casein glycomacropeptide(CGMP)on the expression of NF-B subunit p65 in human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was investigated to explore the therapeutic efficacy of CGMP for human colorectal cancer.Methods:HT-29 cells cultured in 96-well plates were stimulated with LPS for 30 min at the concentrations of 0,0.001,0.01,0.1,1 and 10g/mL.After stimulation,the expression of p65 in HT-29 cells was evaluated by immunofluorescence method.Similarly,HT-29 cells were incubated with 0,0.001,0.01,0.1,1,10 and 100g/mL CGMP for 24 h at the optimal LPS concentration.After treatment with CGMP under the incubation with optimal LPS concentration for 30 min,the protein expression of p65 was analyzed by Western blotting.The optimum culture time was evaluated by incubating HT-29 cells with the optimal CGMP concentration for 6,12,24,48 and 72 h.Results:NF-B-p65 revealed that the highest protein expression was achieved with 1g/mL LPS treatment.Meanwhile,CGMP could inhibit the protein expression of NF-B-p65 in LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells,and the optimal inhibitory effect was observed at a CGMP concentration of 0.01g/mL with 48 h incubation.Conclusion:CGMP can regulate NF-B signaling pathway through inhibiting the expression of its subunit p65,which is beneficial for the further improvement of human colorectal cancer treatment.
文摘The energy substances(mainly carbohydrates and fats)are the basis and guarantee of life activity,especially the oxidative phosphorylation for energy supply.However,excessive absorption and accumulation of these substances can lead to metabolic diseases such as obesity,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,and cancers.A large amount of studies demonstrate that G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)play a key role in identification and absorption of energy substances,and the signaling network of nerves,immune,and endocrine regulates their storage and utilization.The gastrointestinal mucus layer not only identifies these substances through identification in diet components but also transfers immune,metabolic,and endocrine signals of hormones,cytokines,and chemokines by promoting interactions between receptors and ligands.These signaling molecules are transferred to corresponding organs,tissues,and cells by the circulatory system,and cell activity is regulated by amplifying of cell signals that constitute the wireless communication network among cells in the body.Absorption,accumulation,and utilization of energy substances in the body obey the law of energy conservation.Energy is stored in the form of fat,and meets the demand of body via two coupled mechanisms:catabolism and oxidative phosphorylation.Under normal physiological conditions,fat consumption involves ketone body metabolism through the circulatory system and glucose consumption requires blood lactic acid cycle.Accumulation of excessive energy leads to the abnormal activation of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),thus promoting the excretion of glucose or glycogen in the form of blood glucose and urine glucose.Alternatively,the body cancels the intercellular contact inhibition and promotes cell proliferation to induce carcinogenesis,which can induce the consumption of large amounts of glucose.Intercellular communication is performed by signaling molecules via sensing,absorption,accumulation,and utilization of energy substances,and anabolism and catabolism are controlled by the central metabolic pathway.Therefore,slower catabolism will result in longer life expectancy,whereas faster catabolism results in shorter life expectancy.Energy substances in diet influence the balance between energy and metabolism in the body through the sensing function of the gastrointestinal system at two levels:cellular communication network and metabolic network.The present review of studies aims to strengthen our knowledge on cellular communication and metabolic networks to offer a dietary guidance on the metabolism and communication role of various foods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972198,31622042,31901813,31671857,31901782).
文摘Sweet and umami tastes are elicited by sweet and umami receptors on the tongue and palate epithelium,respectively.However,the molecular machinery allowing the taste reaction remains incompletely understood.Through a phosphoproteomic approach,we identified the key proteins that trigger taste mechanisms based on phosphorylation cascades.Ryanodine receptor isoform 1(RYR1)was further verified by sensory and behavioral assays.We propose a model of RYR1-mediated sweet/umami signaling in which the RYR1 channel,which mediates Ca^(2+)release from the endoplasmic reticulum,is closed by dephosphorylation in bud tissue after sweet/umami treatment.The alteration in Ca^(2+)content in the cytosol induces transient membrane depolarization and generates a cell current for taste signal transduction.We demonstrate that RYR1 is a new channel involved in the regulation of sweet/umami signal transduction and propose a“metabolic clock”notion based on sweet/umami sensing.Our study provides a valuable foundation for a system-level understanding of the taste perception mechanism.