CO2-hierarchical activated carbon prepared from coal gasification residue: Adsorption equilibrium, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies for methylene blue removal

Mineral matter in a residue(RC G)from coal gasification(CG)was removed by two-stage acid leaching.Hierarchical activated carbon(HAC)was prepared by activating RC Gwith CO2.The performance of HAC on removing methylene blue(MB)from an aqueous solution was investigated.HAC was characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.The results show that HAC exhibits hierarchical pore structure with high specific surface area(862.76 m2·g-1)and total pore volume(0.684 cm3·g-1),and abundant organic functional groups.The adsorption equilibrium data of MB on HAC are best fitted to the Redlich-Peterson.The kinetic data show that the pseudo-first-order model is more suitable at low MB concentration,while the advantages of the pseudo-second-orderand the Elovich models are more obvious as the concentration increases.According to the thermodynamic parameters,the HAC-MB adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic.

Characterization of nitrogen-containing aromatics in Baiyinhua lignite and its soluble portions from thermal dissolution

Soluble portions(SPs) 1-4(SP1-SP4) were afforded from sequentially dissolution and alkanolyses of Baiyinhua lignite(BL) in cyclohexane,CH3OH,CH3CH2OH,and(CH3)2CHOH at 300℃.They were analyzed with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer and quadrupole exactive orbitrap mass spectrometer(QEOTMS) with an atmosphere pressure chemical ionization source in positive-ion mode,while BL was characterized with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XRPES).The results show that the yields of SP2 and SP3 are much higher than those of SP1 and SP4,and the total SP yield is ca.39.0%.According to the analysis with XRPES,pyrrolic nitrogen atoms are the most abundant nitrogen existing forms in BL.Thousands of nitrogen-containing aromatics(NCAs) were resolved with QEOTMS and their molecular masses are mainly in the range of 200-450 u.The main NCAs are N1O1 and N1O2 class species with double bond equivalent values of 4-18 and carbon numbers of 7-30.The nitrogen atoms appear in pyridine s,quinolines,benzoquinolines or acridine,and dibenzoquinolines or naphthoquinolines,while the oxygen atoms exist in methoxy and furan rings.

Isolation and purification of carbazole contained in anthracene slag by extraction combined with medium pressure liquid chromatography

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE)combined with medium pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC)was designed for carbazole separation from anthracene slag(AS).The effects of liquid/solid ratio,temperature,and extraction times on carbazole separation were investigated.When using CC14 and ethyl acetate as extraction solvents and combining with MPLC,carbazole recovery and purity are 75.1%and 95.4%,respectively.The mechanism for carbazole separation were presumed by examining intermolecular interactions such as N-H…π,π-π,and C-Cl…πinteractions.These results demonstrate that UAE/MPLC has a considerable potential as a green and promising strategy for separating and purifying carbazole and other chemicals from AS.

Mild oxidative degradation of spent auricularia auricular substrate and molecular composition of carboxylic acids in the resulting soluble portion

Spent auricularia auricular substrate(SAAS)was oxidatively degraded with aqueous hydrogen peroxide(AHPO)/acetic anhydride(AAH)to produce carboxylic acids(CAs)under mild conditions.The results show that up to 53.6%of the organic matter in SAAS was converted to the soluble species(SSs).In total 122 CAs were detected in the SSs by the analysis with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer,which can be classified into 29 group components,mainly being aliphatic acids and along with small amount of aromatic acids.Among the aliphatic acids,normal alkanedioic acids are the most abundant.The detected aromatic acids include benzoic acids,phthalic acids,trimellitic acids,pyromellitic acids,and their derivatives.The synergistic oxidation and the released·OH,CH3COO·,and HOO·induced by AHPO/AAH play crucial roles in oxidatively degrading SAAS.

Enthalpy of phase transition of isonicotinic acid

In this work, the group contribution method of Chickos et al. was applied to estimate the fusion enthalpy of isonicotinic acid, and the obtained result(29.2 k J·mol^(-1)) showed a large difference with the value(135 k J·mol^(-1)) as reported from literatures and as determined by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The results of DSC/TG measurement showed that the phase transition of isonicotinic acid from 187.27 °C to277.47 °C underwent a sublimation process, with a sublimation enthalpy of 128.03 k J·mol^(-1). An efficient analytical technique combining pyrolysis and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(Py-GC/MS) was used to prove this conclusion.

Influence of Water Stability on Bond Performance Between Magnesium Phosphate Cement Mortar and Steel Fibre

The fibre pullout test was conducted to investigate the influence of the water stability on the bond behaviour between the Magnesium phosphate cement(MPC)matrix and the steel fibre.The composition of the MPC-matrix and the immersion age of the specimens are experimentally investigated.The average bond strength and the pullout energy are investigated by analysing the experimental results.In addition,the microscopic characteristics of the interface transition zone are investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The experimental results showed that the bond performance between the MPC-matrix and the steel fibre decreased significantly with the increase of the duration of immersion in water.The average bond strength between the steel fibre and the MPC-matrix reduced by more than 50%when the specimens were immersed in the water for 28 days.The effect of the water on the interface between the steel fibre and the MPC-matrix was found to be more significant compared to the composition of the MPC-matrix.In addition,the MgO-KH2PO4 mole ratio of the MPC significantly influenced the water stability of the interface zone between the steel fibre and MPC-matrix.

中国器官衰老与器官退行性变化的机制研究进展

急剧发展的人口老龄化已经成为我国社会发展面临的重大问题,也是今后相当长一段时期中国的基本国情.我国人口老龄化的不断加剧和老年慢性疾病发生率的快速升高,大大促进了我国在衰老与相关重大慢性疾病的发生机制和干预领域的研究.国家自然科学基金委员会自2016年起,通过采取一系列资助措施,使我国在器官衰老与器官退行性变化领域的基础和临床研究均得到快速发展和提升,并取得一系列令人瞩目的成果,达到国际领先水平.本文综述了近年来我国在器官衰老和神经退行性疾病研究领域的进展,包括器官衰老与器官退行性疾病的发生机制、器官衰老与器官退行性疾病的生物标志物和早期预警、衰老与退行性疾病的干预策略等,简要地介绍我国器官衰老研究的新成果、新动态,同时对未来的衰老研究方向和趋势进行展望.

Overview of the Lunar In Situ Resource Utilization Techniques for Future Lunar Missions

Along with the rapid development of space technology,extraterrestrial exploration has gradually tended to further-distanced and longer-termed planet exploration.As the first step of an attempt for humans to build a perpetual planet base,building a lunar base by in situ resource utilization(ISRU)will drastically reduce the reliance of supplies from Earth.Lunar resources including mineral resources,water/ice resources,volatiles,and solar energy will contribute to the establishment of a lunar base for long-term life support and scientific exploration missions,although we must consider the challenges from high vacuum,low gravity,extreme temperature conditions,etc.This article provides a comprehensive review of the past developing processes of ISRU and the latest progress of several ISRU technologies,including in situ water access,in situ oxygen production,in situ construction and manufacture,in situ energy utilization,and in situ life support and plant cultivation on the Moon.Despite being able to provide some material and energy supplies for lunar base construction and scientific exploration,the ISRU technologies need continuous validation and upgrade to satisfy the higher requirements from further lunar exploration missions.Ultimately,a 3-step development plan for lunar ISRU technologies in the next decade is proposed,which consists of providing technological solutions,conducting technical verification on payloads,and carrying out in situ experiments,with the ultimate aim of establishing a permanent lunar station and carrying out long-term lunar surface scientific activities.The overview of ISRU techniques and our suggestions will provide potential guidance for China’s future lunar exploration missions.

Strong coupling between a plasmon mode and multiple different exciton states

Strong coupling between plasmons and multiple different exciton states(MESs)enables the creation of multiple hybrid polariton states under ambient conditions.These hybrid states possess unique optical properties different from those of their separate identities,making them ideal candidates for exploiting room-temperature multimode hybridization and multiqubit operation.In this study,we revealed the static spectral response properties of plasmon-MES strong coupling via a fully quantum mechanics approach.These theoretical predictions were experimentally demonstrated in plasmonic nanocavities containing two and three different exciton species.Additionally,the dynamical absorption processes of such strong coupling systems were investigated,and results indicated that the damping of the hybrid polariton states induced by the strong coupling could be markedly modulated by the acoustic oscillations from the plasmonic nanocavities.Our findings contribute a theoretical approach for accurately describing the plasmon-MES interactions and a platform for developing the high-speed active plasmonic devices based on multiqubit strong coupling.

High Step-up SEPIC Converters Based on a Family of Coat Circuit

A family of coat circuits for SEPIC converters to improve their boost capability is presented.The present coat circuit does not contain any active switches,so the voltage conversion ratio of the presented converters can be enhanced without complicating its gate driver and control circuits.Meanwhile,because of the expansibility of the coat circuit,the number of its basic cells can be adjusted regarding the actual application requirements.Moreover,in comparison with a conventional SEPIC converter,voltage stress on power switch and diodes of the presented topology is lower at the same output voltage,and thus semiconductor components with low on-resistance are chosen to improve conversion efficiency of converter.The operational principle and steady state analysis of the SEPIC converter with one of the proposed coat circuits have been discussed in detail,and a 300W laboratory prototype is implemented to prove the theoretical analysis of presented converter.

肝细胞有效生成血小板能力的因素分析研究

目的探究不同来源的供体造血干细胞(hematopoietic stem cells, HSCs)体内移植后生成血小板(PLT)的差异因素, 进而为解决临床上HSCs移植后PLT重建不良的问题提供新思路。方法通过Ficoll分离技术分别从孕14.5 d(E14.5)胎肝(FL)和8周龄小鼠骨髓(BM)中分离HSCs及其下游髓系和淋巴系细胞, 即单个核细胞(MNCs)总和, 移植入清髓辐照后的受体小鼠胫骨骨髓腔内, 构建造血重建FL-MNCs和BM-MNCs小鼠移植治疗模型。定期检测受体小鼠外周血血常规指标。通过流式细胞方法检测供体细胞在受体内的嵌合率及PLT形成上游细胞。进一步利用磁珠分选FL-MNCs和BM-MNCs供体细胞中CD41+巨核细胞, 并诱导PLT生成。另外, 通过定量RT-PCR检测两种来源的CD41+巨核细胞的PLT生成相关基因的表达情况。结果 FL-MNCs移植组和BM-MNCs移植组的血常规参数包括白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、PLT均在移植后第4周恢复正常水平, 受体的血细胞基本由供体细胞替代。FL-MNCs移植组比BM-MNCs移植组受体小鼠的PLT水平上升更快, 移植后第4周FL-MNCs组和BM-MNCs组的PLT水平分别为(1.45±0.37)×1012/L和(1.22±0.24)×1012/L, P<0.05。同时, FL-MNCs中含有更高比例的Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+造血干细胞(FL-MNCs为7.60%±1.40%, BM-MNCs为1.10%±0.46%, P<0.01)、Lin-Sca-1-c-Kit+CD41+CD150+巨核祖细胞(FL-MNCs为3.05%±0.22%, BM-MNCs为0.15%±0.02%, P<0.01), 以及CD41+CD42b+成熟巨核细胞(FL-MNCs为1.60%±0.06%, BM-MNCs为0.87%±0.11%, P<0.01)。体外功能性研究发现胎肝来源的FL-MNCs-CD41+巨核细胞在体外诱导后可更快地生成前血小板样细胞, 第3天即有前血小板样细胞形成, 第5天有明显PLT形成, 而骨髓来源的BM-MNCs-CD41+巨核细胞第5天仍没有前血小板样细胞形成。FL-MNCs-CD41+能表达更高水平的PLT生成相关基因Mpl(3.25倍)、Fog1(3倍)和Gata1(1.5倍)(P<0.05)。结论 FL-MNCs具有更好的受体血小板植入效果以及更快的体外PLT分化速率, 这可能与FL-MNCs细胞组成中较高比例的巨核细胞数量及其Mpl、Fog1和Gata1等相关基因的表达水平有关。这些供体细胞特征的因素分析研究有望为临床治疗造血干细胞移植后PLT重建不良提供供体细胞参考依据。

Super-resolution fluorescence-assisted diffraction computational tomography reveals the threedimensional landscape of the cellular organelle interactome

The emergence of super-resolution(SR)fluorescence microscopy has rejuvenated the search for new cellular substructures.However,SR fluorescence microscopy achieves high contrast at the expense of a holistic view of the interacting partners and surrounding environment.Thus,we developed SR fluorescence-assisted diffraction computational tomography(SR-FACT),which combines label-free three-dimensional optical diffraction tomography(ODT)with two-dimensional fluorescence Hessian structured illumination microscopy.The ODT module is capable of resolving the mitochondria,lipid droplets,the nuclear membrane,chromosomes,the tubular endoplasmic reticulum,and lysosomes.Using dual-mode correlated live-cell imaging for a prolonged period of time,we observed novel subcellular structures named dark-vacuole bodies,the majority of which originate from densely populated perinuclear regions,and intensively interact with organelles such as the mitochondria and the nuclear membrane before ultimately collapsing into the plasma membrane.This work demonstrates the unique capabilities of SR-FACT,which suggests its wide applicability in cell biology in general.

Electric-field-induced microstructure modulation of carbon nanotubes for high-performance supercapacitors

The growth direction,morphology and microstructure of carbon nano-tubes(CNTs)play key roles for their potential applications in electronic and energy storage devices.However,effective synthesis of CNTs in high crystallinity and desired microstructure still remains a tremendous challenge.Here we introduce an electric field for controlling the microstructure formation of CNTs.It reveals that the electric field not only make CNTs aligned parallel but also improve the density of CNTs.Especially,the microstructures of CNTs gradually change under electrical field.That is,graphite sheets are transformed from the"herringbone"structure to a highly crystalline structure,facilitating the transportation of electrons.Due to the improved aligned growth direction,high density and highly crystalline microstructure,the electrochemical performance of CNTs is greatly improved.When the CNTs are applied in supercapacitors,they present a high specific capacitance of 237 F/g,three times higher than that of the CNTs prepared without electrical field.Such microstructure modulation of CNTs by electric field would help to construct high performance electronic and energy storage devices.

Optimized optical design of thin-film transistor arrays for high transmittance and excellent chromaticity

Transmittance and chromaticity are essential requirements for optical performance of thin-film transistor(TFT)arrays.However,it is still a challenge to get high transmittance and excellent chromaticity at the same time.In this paper,optimized optical design by using antireflection film theory and optical phase modulation is demonstrated in low temperature poly-silicon(LTPS)TFT arrays.To realize high transmittance,the refractive index difference of adjacent films is modified by using silicon oxynitride(SiOxNy)with adjustable refractive index.To realize excellent chromaticity,the thicknesses of multilayer films are precisely regulated for antireflection of certain wavelength light.The results show that the transmittance and chromaticity have been improved by about 6%and 18‰,respectively,at the same time,which is a big step forward for high optical performance of TFT arrays.The device characteristics of the TFT arrays with the optimal design,such as threshold voltage and electron mobility,are comparable to those of conventional TFT arrays.The optimized optical design results in enhanced power-conversion efficiencies and perfects the multilayer film design on the basic theory,which has great practicability to be applied in TFT arrays.

Monolithic all-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells

As a low-cost photovoltaic technology, dye- sensitized solar cell （DSSC） has attracted widespread attention in the past decade. During its development to commercial application, decreasing the production cost and increasing the device stability take the most impor- tance. Compared with conventional sandwich structure liquid-state DSSCs, monolithic all-solid-state mesoscopic solar cells based on mesoscopic carbon counter electrodes and solid-state electrolytes present much lower production cost and provide a prospect of long-term stability. This review presents the recent progress of materials and achievement for all-solid-state DSSCs. In particular, representative examples are highlighted with the results of our monolithic all-solid-state mesoscopic solar cell devices and modules.