Textual Content Prediction via Fuzzy Attention Neural Network Model without Predefined Knowledge

Text analysis is a popular technique for finding the most significant information from texts including semantic,emotional,and other hidden features,which became a research hotspot in the last few years.Specially,there are some text analysis tasks with judgment reports,such as analyzing the criminal process and predicting prison terms.Traditional researches on text analysis are generally based on special feature selection and ontology model generation or require legal experts to provide external knowledge.All these methods require a lot of time and labor costs.Therefore,in this paper,we use textual data such as judgment reports creatively to perform prison term prediction without external legal knowledge.We propose a framework that combines value-based rules and a fuzzy text to predict the target prison term.The procedure in our framework includes information extraction,term fuzzification,and document vector regression.We carry out experiments with real-world judgment reports and compare our model’s performance with those of ten traditional classification and regression models and two deep learning models.The results show that our model achieves competitive results compared with other models as evaluated by the RMSE and R-squared metrics.Finally,we implement a prototype system with a user-friendly GUI that can be used to predict prison terms according to the legal text inputted by the user.

质谱法精确测量二维材料亚纳米孔的气体透过率

二维材料多孔膜因具有原子级厚度,有望突破传统分离膜的选择性和透过率限制,实现高效物质分离.二维材料中的亚纳米孔具有不同于经典理论所描述的分子运输行为,精确测量二维材料亚纳米孔对气体分子的透过率是研究其独特分子输运性质的前提.我们发展了基于超高真空和质谱探测技术的极微量气体分子透过率的测量方法,实现了二维材料亚纳米孔的气体分子透过率的高灵敏和实时测量.超高真空系统有效降低了测量的背景信号,通过优化质谱探测的测量灵敏度,系统对气体分子的测量下限达到9×10~8个/s,与已报道的测量方法相比提高了2个数量级.我们测量了单层二硫化钼的亚纳米孔对He、Ne、Ar的透过率,观察到了亚纳米孔的分子筛分特性.该方法为研究二维材料亚纳米孔的气体分子输运机制提供了有效手段.

可控掺杂双极性半导体聚合物应用于简化构筑综合性能优异的有机逻辑电路

有机电子学的最终目标是实现简单地构筑高性能逻辑电路以满足各种应用需求.双极性有机半导体,特别是双极性共轭聚合物,在制备可溶液印刷、低成本和大面积的有机电路方面具有独特的优势.然而,本征双极性聚合物的窄带隙导致其电流开关比低(通常为10~2-10~3),阻碍了输出信号的高精度和抗干扰性,而这是潜在逻辑电路应用的关键要求.本文中,基于可控掺杂的工艺,本征平衡双极性聚合物实现了准单极传输特性,其p沟道和n沟道薄膜晶体管的电流开关比均显著提高至10~5-10~7.此外,可控掺杂的有机逻辑电路如非门、或非门、与非门通过直写印刷技术构建,其具有优异的综合性能,高达150的增益值和68%的信号噪声容限以及快速响应.本工作通过掺杂策略显著地提高了双极性材料的开关比,可为双极性材料在印刷集成电路中的实际应用提供理论基础.

Natural overlaying behaviors push the limit of planar cyclic deformation performance in few-layer MoS_(2) nanosheets

As a typical two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)material with nonzero band gap,MoS_(2)has a wide range of potential applications as building blocks in the field of nanoelectronics.The stability and reliability of the corresponding nanoelectronic devices depend critically on the mechanical performance and cyclic reliability of 2D MoS_(2).Although an in situ technique has been used to analyze the mechanical properties of 2D materials,the cyclic mechanical behavior,that is,fatigue,remains a major challenge in the practical application of the devices.This study was aimed at analyzing the planar cyclic performance and deformation behavior of three-layer MoS_(2)nanosheets(NSs)using an in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)variable-amplitude uniaxial low-frequency and cyclic loading-unloading tensile acceleration test.We also elucidated the strengthening effect of the natural overlaying affix fragments(other external NSs)or wrinkle folds(internal folds from the NS itself)on cycling performances and service life of MoS_(2)NSs by delaying the whole process of fatigue crack initiation,propagation,and fracture.The results have been confirmed by molecular dynamics(MDs)simulations.The overlaying enhancement effect effectively ensures the long-term reliability and stability of nanoelectronic devices made of few-layer 2D materials.

Electromagnetic wave absorption in reduced graphene oxide functionalized with Fe3O4/Fe nanorings

We report the preparation of nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide with embedded Fe3O4/Fe nanorings （FeNR@rGO） by chemical hydrothermal growth. We illustrate the use of these nanocomposites as novel electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. The electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the nanocomposites with different compositions were investigated. The preparation procedure and nanocomposite composition were optimized to achieve the best electromagnetic wave absorption properties. Nanocomposites with a GO：cx-Fe203 mass ratio of 1：1 prepared by annealing in HdAr for 3 h exhibited the best properties. This nanocomposite sample （thickness = 4.0 mm） showed a minimum reflectivity of -23.09 dB at 9.16 GHz. The band range was 7.4-11.3 GHz when the reflectivity was less than -10 dB and the spectrum width was up to 3.9 GHz. These figures of merit are typically of the same order of magnitude when compared to the values shown by traditional ferric oxide materials. However, FeNR@rGO can be readily applied as a microwave absorbing material because the production method we propose is highly compatible with mass production standards.

Strain-modulation and service behavior of Au-MgO-ZnO ultraviolet photodetector by piezo-phototronic effect

Au-MgO-ZnO （AMZ） ultraviolet （UV） photodetectors were fabricated to enhance their sensitivities by an inserting ultrathin insulating MgO layer. With the insulating layer, the sensitivities of the UV photodetectors were improved via the reduction of the dark current. Furthermore, strain modulation was used to enhance the sensitivities of the AMZ UV photodetectors. The sensitivities of the photodetectors were enhanced by the piezo-phototronic effect. However, there was a limiting value of the applied strains to enhance the sensitivity of the photodetector. When the external strains exceeded the limiting value, the sensitivity decreased because of the tunneling dark current. The external strains loaded on the photodetectors result in the degradation of the photodetectors, and an applied bias can accelerate the process. This work presents a prospective approach to engineer the performance of a UV photodetector. In addition, the study on the service behavior of the photodetectors may offer a strain range and theoretical support for safely using and studying metal-insulator-semiconductor （MIS） UV photodetectors.

The enhanced performance of piezoelectric nanogenerator via suppressing screening effect with Au particles/ZnO nanoarrays Schottky junction

This paper describes a novel strategy to weaken the piezopotential screening effect by forming Schottky junctions on the ZnO surface through the introduction of Au particles onto the surface. With this approach, the piezoelectric-energyconversion performance was greatly enhanced. The output voltage and current density of the Au@ZnO nanoarray-based piezoelectric nanogenerator reached 2 V and 1 μA/cm^2, respectively, 10 times higher than the output of pristine ZnO nanoarray-based piezoelectric nanogenerators. We attribute this enhancement to dramatic suppression of the screening effect due to the decreased carrier concentration, as determined by scanning Kelvin probe microscope measurements and impedance analysis. The lowered capacitance of the Au@ZnO nanoarraybased piezoelectric nanogenerator also contributes to the improved output. This work provides a novel method to enhance the performance of piezoelectric nanogenerators and possibly extends to piezotronics and piezophototronics.

Triboelectricity-assisted transfer of graphene for flexible optoelectronic applications

In this work, we developed a novel triboelectricity-assisted polymer-free method for the transfer of large-area chemical vapor deposited graphene films. With the assistance of electrostatic forces from friction-generated charges, graphene sheets were successfully transferred from copper foils to flexible polymer substrates. Characterization results confirmed the presence of high quality graphene with less defects and contaminations, compared to graphene transferred by conventional poly（methyl rnethacrylate）-mediated processes. In addition, the graphene samples possessed outstanding electrical transport capabilities and mechanical stability, when studied as electron transfer matrixes in graphene/ZnO hybrid flexible photodetectors. Our results showed a broad application potential for this transfer method in future flexible electronics and optoelectronics.

Photoacoustic/ultrasound dual modality imaging aided by acoustic reflectors

Photoacoustic imaging(PAI)with a handheld linear ultrasound(US) probe is widely used owing to its convenient and inherent dual modality capability.However,the limited length of the linear probe makes PAI suffer from the limited view.In this study,we present a simple method to substantially increase the view angle aided by two US reflectors.Both phantom and in vivo animal study results have demonstrated that the imaging quality can be greatly improved with the reflector without sacrificing the imaging speed.

Dual-modal photoacoustic/CT imaging system

Photoacoustic(PA) tomography(PAT) breaks the barrier for high-resolution optical imaging in a strong lightscattering medium, having a great potential for both clinical implementation and small animal studies. However,many organs and tissues lack enough PA contrast or even hinder the propagation of PA waves. Therefore, it is challenging to interpret pure PAT images, especially three-dimensional(3 D) PA images for deep tissues, without enough structural information. To overcome this limitation, in this study, we integrated PAT with X-ray computed tomography(CT) in a standalone system. PAT provides optical contrast and CT gives anatomical information. We performed agar, tissue phantom, and animal studies, and the results demonstrated that PAT/CT imaging systems can provide accurate spatial registration of important complementary contrasts.

Serum albumin complexed with ellagic acid from pomegranate peel and its metabolite urolithin B

As one of fruit waste by-products,the pomegranate peel is rich in bioactive compounds such as ellagic acid.Ellagic acid and its main gut microbial metabolite urolithin B have been reported to exhibit numerous biological activities and widely used as dietary supplements in the past decades.Interaction of these two compounds to serum albumin(SA)might affect their metabolism,efficacy,and body distribution.The interaction of ellagic acid and urolithin B with SA was investigated and BSA interference on the anti-cancer activity of these two compounds was also evaluated.Results of spectra experiments showed that ellagic acid and urolithin B could form complexes with bovine serum albumin(BSA)and urolithin B has a higher binding force and number of binding sites than ellagic acid when forming a complex with BSA.The results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that ellagic acid and urolithin B tended to bind in site I rather than site II.The MTT assay results indicated that the IC_(50) value of ellagic acid decreased from 123.58μM to 55.91μM,while the IC_(50) value of urolithin B decreased from 83.67μM to 47.40μM.Ellagic acid and urolithin B can form complexes with serum albumin and the anti-cancer activity of ellagic acid and urolithin B was enhanced when combined with BSA.

The coupling influence of UV illumination and strain on the surface potential distribution of a single ZnO micro/nano wire

Interface/surface properties play an important role in the development of most electronic devices. In particular, nanowires possess large surface areas that create new challenges for their optoelectronic applications. Here, we demonstrated that the piezoelectric field and UV laser illumination modulate the surface potential distribution of a bent ZnO wire by the Kelvin probe force microscopy technology. Experiments showed that the surface potential distribution was changed by strain. The difference of surface potential between the outer/inner sides of the ZnO wire increased with increasing strain. Under UV laser illumination, the difference of surface potential between the outer/inner sides of the ZnO wire increased with increasing strain and illumination time. The origin of the observed phenomenon was discussed in terms of the energy band diagram of the bent wire and adsorption/desorption theory. It is suggested that the change of surface potential can be attributed to the uneven distribution of the carrier density across the wire deduced by the piezoelectric effect and surface adsorption/desorption of oxygen ions. This study provides an important insight into the surface and piezoelectric effects on the surface potential and can help optimize the performance of electronic and optoelectronic devices. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2016, Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.