OBJECTIVE To determine the quantity and quality of liver NK cells from young and adult mice and compare their characteristics. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used at 2 weeks (young) and 8 weeks (adult) of age. The percenta...OBJECTIVE To determine the quantity and quality of liver NK cells from young and adult mice and compare their characteristics. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used at 2 weeks (young) and 8 weeks (adult) of age. The percentage and absolute number of NK cells in the liver and spleen were analyzed. The cytotoxicity of NK cells in the liver and spleen against various targets were detected by a 4 h 51Cr-release method. FACScan was used to analyze the expression of CD69, Mac-1, Ly49C/I and CD94 on the NK cells. Perforin mRNA levels were analyzed by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESUTLS The percentages of NK cells in the liver of young and adult mice were similar (11.9%±1.7% vs. 9.9%±1.6%, P>0.05), but the absolute number per liver weight was higher in the young animals (11.6±2.5x105/g vs. 3.4±0.8x105/g, P<0.05). The level of NK cytotoxicity was extremely high in the liver of young compared to adult mice (71.0%±5.5% vs. 23.8%±4.4%, P<0.05), but this difference was not observed in the spleen. Phenotypes of the liver NK cells from young and adult mice were completely different from each other. The liver NK cells from young mice were CD69high Mac-1lowLy49C/ Ilow, whereas NK cells from older mice displayed inverse antigen levels (CD-69low Mac-1high Ly49C/Ihigh). The expression levels of other NK cell-related markers were similar in both groups.The perforin mRNA level in the liver lymphocytes from young mice was consistently greater compared to adult mice. CONCLUSION From 2 to 8 weeks C57BL/6 mice liver NK cells undergo age-associated changes. At 2 weeks of age the liver NK cells showed a high level of NK cytotoxicity and a unique phenotype which was not apparent at 8 weeks of age.展开更多
In this study, artificially hatched Ocadia sinensis individuals were cultured for 60 months, to record the growth and development process and investigate the morphological characteristics between the sexes and individ...In this study, artificially hatched Ocadia sinensis individuals were cultured for 60 months, to record the growth and development process and investigate the morphological characteristics between the sexes and individual fecundity of O. sinensis. Results showed that the main morphological differences between male and female individuals are concentrated in secondary sexual characteristics ： female turtle individuals have flat or slightly prominent sternites, short tails, short length from anal pore to sternite trailing edge; male turtle individuals have concave sternites, relatively stout tails, large length from anal pore to sternite trailing edge. There were significant differences in the growth of male and female individuals, in the first 12 months, female individuals grew faster than male individuals, with greater carapace length, carapace width and weight, but the differences between male and female individuals were not significant; in the late stage, the growth rate of female individuals was much higher than that of male individuals; by the end of the experiment, the average weight of female individuals was 3.86 times of that of male individuals. Regression analysis of female fecundity showed that the clutch size of O. sinensis had significant regression relationship with carapace length and weight, the fertility of female individuals was improved with the increasing size （ carapace length and weight）.展开更多
In a preliminary screening study,our laboratory isolated from the biofloc in aquaculture waters a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis,which produced highly efficient bio-flocculants.In the present study,we extracted the ...In a preliminary screening study,our laboratory isolated from the biofloc in aquaculture waters a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis,which produced highly efficient bio-flocculants.In the present study,we extracted the crude flocculants from this strain and analyzed their properties.Distribution analysis indicated that the flocculants were mainly distributed in the supernatant of the fermentation liquid.The flocculants were extracted using an ethanol extraction method,and the chemical compositions and morphology of the crude flocculants were analyzed using the Molish reaction,Fehling reaction,ninhydrin reaction,biuret reaction,phenol-sulfuric acid assay,Coomassie brilliant blue staining,ultraviolet scanning,infrared scanning and scanning electron microscopy.The carbohydrate composition of the polysaccharides in the flocculants was analyzed with thin layer chromatography.The results indicated that flocculants were solid substances with an ivory white color and their texture was loose and soft.Visualization under scanning electron microscopy revealed that their ultra-morphology consisted of small,long and fiber-like shapes.Chemical and physical analyses indicated that polysaccharides accounted for 34.5%of the components in the crude flocculants.The monosaccharides present in crude flocculants included mainly glucose,galactose and mannitose.展开更多
Timely and effective knee function evaluation and knee exercises promote the prevention and self-management of knee diseases.In this paper,aKinectbased exergame system is proposed to assess and train the knee function...Timely and effective knee function evaluation and knee exercises promote the prevention and self-management of knee diseases.In this paper,aKinectbased exergame system is proposed to assess and train the knee function.Azure Kinect was used to capture and generate 3D models of the user and immerse them in an interactive virtual environment.The software included three functional modules:knee function evaluation,Knee exercises game,and Comprehensive evaluation.The stand,step,leg lift,and squat were selected for knee function evaluation and exercises.Twenty volunteers participated in the experiment.Intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)were calculated to assess the reliability of kinematic measurements of knee angles during the movements.The ICC of these movements were stand(ICC=0.987),step(ICC=0.997),left leg lift(ICC=0.981),right leg lift(ICC=0.990),stand(ICC=0.998).The results show that the test-retest reliability is high.It means that the motion capture data is effective and the data obtained by Kinect is stable.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE To determine the quantity and quality of liver NK cells from young and adult mice and compare their characteristics. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used at 2 weeks (young) and 8 weeks (adult) of age. The percentage and absolute number of NK cells in the liver and spleen were analyzed. The cytotoxicity of NK cells in the liver and spleen against various targets were detected by a 4 h 51Cr-release method. FACScan was used to analyze the expression of CD69, Mac-1, Ly49C/I and CD94 on the NK cells. Perforin mRNA levels were analyzed by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESUTLS The percentages of NK cells in the liver of young and adult mice were similar (11.9%±1.7% vs. 9.9%±1.6%, P>0.05), but the absolute number per liver weight was higher in the young animals (11.6±2.5x105/g vs. 3.4±0.8x105/g, P<0.05). The level of NK cytotoxicity was extremely high in the liver of young compared to adult mice (71.0%±5.5% vs. 23.8%±4.4%, P<0.05), but this difference was not observed in the spleen. Phenotypes of the liver NK cells from young and adult mice were completely different from each other. The liver NK cells from young mice were CD69high Mac-1lowLy49C/ Ilow, whereas NK cells from older mice displayed inverse antigen levels (CD-69low Mac-1high Ly49C/Ihigh). The expression levels of other NK cell-related markers were similar in both groups.The perforin mRNA level in the liver lymphocytes from young mice was consistently greater compared to adult mice. CONCLUSION From 2 to 8 weeks C57BL/6 mice liver NK cells undergo age-associated changes. At 2 weeks of age the liver NK cells showed a high level of NK cytotoxicity and a unique phenotype which was not apparent at 8 weeks of age.
基金Supported by Project of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(2010B020410004)Project of Science and Technology for Universities and Research Institutes of Dongguan City(201010810113)
文摘In this study, artificially hatched Ocadia sinensis individuals were cultured for 60 months, to record the growth and development process and investigate the morphological characteristics between the sexes and individual fecundity of O. sinensis. Results showed that the main morphological differences between male and female individuals are concentrated in secondary sexual characteristics ： female turtle individuals have flat or slightly prominent sternites, short tails, short length from anal pore to sternite trailing edge; male turtle individuals have concave sternites, relatively stout tails, large length from anal pore to sternite trailing edge. There were significant differences in the growth of male and female individuals, in the first 12 months, female individuals grew faster than male individuals, with greater carapace length, carapace width and weight, but the differences between male and female individuals were not significant; in the late stage, the growth rate of female individuals was much higher than that of male individuals; by the end of the experiment, the average weight of female individuals was 3.86 times of that of male individuals. Regression analysis of female fecundity showed that the clutch size of O. sinensis had significant regression relationship with carapace length and weight, the fertility of female individuals was improved with the increasing size （ carapace length and weight）.
基金The study was supported by the Science-Technology Supporting Project of the National Twelfth Five-Year-Plan of China(No.2012BAD25B01)the Special Fund for Agro scientific Research in the Public Interest(201203083)grants from the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(No.CARS-46-17).
文摘In a preliminary screening study,our laboratory isolated from the biofloc in aquaculture waters a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis,which produced highly efficient bio-flocculants.In the present study,we extracted the crude flocculants from this strain and analyzed their properties.Distribution analysis indicated that the flocculants were mainly distributed in the supernatant of the fermentation liquid.The flocculants were extracted using an ethanol extraction method,and the chemical compositions and morphology of the crude flocculants were analyzed using the Molish reaction,Fehling reaction,ninhydrin reaction,biuret reaction,phenol-sulfuric acid assay,Coomassie brilliant blue staining,ultraviolet scanning,infrared scanning and scanning electron microscopy.The carbohydrate composition of the polysaccharides in the flocculants was analyzed with thin layer chromatography.The results indicated that flocculants were solid substances with an ivory white color and their texture was loose and soft.Visualization under scanning electron microscopy revealed that their ultra-morphology consisted of small,long and fiber-like shapes.Chemical and physical analyses indicated that polysaccharides accounted for 34.5%of the components in the crude flocculants.The monosaccharides present in crude flocculants included mainly glucose,galactose and mannitose.
基金This research was funded by the Key Project on Anhui Provincial Natural Science Study by Colleges and Universities under Grant“Key technical research of knee function evaluation and rehabilitation training”(No.KJ2019A0555)Key project of Science and Technology Service Network Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences“Construction of chronic disease risk prevention and control service system based on big data”(No.KFJ-STS-ZDTP-079)Major Science and Technology Projects ofAnhui Province”Research and demonstration of key technologies of non-medical sexual health promotion services”(No.18030801133).
文摘Timely and effective knee function evaluation and knee exercises promote the prevention and self-management of knee diseases.In this paper,aKinectbased exergame system is proposed to assess and train the knee function.Azure Kinect was used to capture and generate 3D models of the user and immerse them in an interactive virtual environment.The software included three functional modules:knee function evaluation,Knee exercises game,and Comprehensive evaluation.The stand,step,leg lift,and squat were selected for knee function evaluation and exercises.Twenty volunteers participated in the experiment.Intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)were calculated to assess the reliability of kinematic measurements of knee angles during the movements.The ICC of these movements were stand(ICC=0.987),step(ICC=0.997),left leg lift(ICC=0.981),right leg lift(ICC=0.990),stand(ICC=0.998).The results show that the test-retest reliability is high.It means that the motion capture data is effective and the data obtained by Kinect is stable.
