高血压脑出血立体定向颅内血肿清除术中不同麻醉方式的血流动力学及应激反应

目的探讨高血压脑出血立体定向颅内血肿清除术中不同麻醉方式对血流动力学及应激反应的影响。方法选取2020年4月至2021年12月在邯郸市中心医院及河北医科大学第二医院接受立体定向颅内血肿清除术的80例高血压脑出血患者纳入研究对象,按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各40例。观察组患者在立体定向颅内血肿清除术前给予头皮神经阻滞麻醉,对照组患者在立体定向颅内血肿清除术前给予局部浸润麻醉。比较2组患者在麻醉前(T0)、切头皮时(T1)、钻孔时(T2)、缝合时(T3)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E),比较2组患者术后1 h、6 h、12 h的疼痛程度,比较2组患者手术前后的格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)评分、神经功能缺损评分(CCS)评分。结果对照组在T1、T2、T3时点MAP、HR显著高于T0时(P<0.05),观察组在T1、T2、T3时点MAP、HR显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组在T1、T2、T3时点Cor、NE、E显著低于对照组(P<0.05),对照组在T1、T2、T3时点Cor、NE、E显著高于T0时(P<0.05);观察组在术后1 h、6 h、12 h的疼痛数字评价量表(NRS)评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);2组术后3 d的GCS评分显著高于术前,CCS评分显著低于术前(P<0.05)。结论高血压脑出血患者立体定向颅内血肿清除术中采用头皮神经阻滞麻醉血流动力学更稳定,应激反应程度更轻。

CPPU may induce gibberellin-independent parthenocarpy associated with PbRR9 in‘Dangshansu’pear

Parthenocarpy is a valuable trait in self-incompatible plants,such as pear.N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N’-phenylurea(CPPU),a synthetic cytokinin analog,can induce parthenocarpy in pear(Pyrus spp.),but the mechanism of induction is unclear.To investigate the role of gibberellin in CPPU-induced parthenocarpy in pear,CPPU supplemented with paclobutrazol(PAC)was sprayed onto‘Dangshansu’pear.We found that the fruit set rate of pear treated with CPPU supplemented with PAC was identical to that in a CPPU-alone treatment group.In regard to cell development,CPPU mainly promoted hypanthium cell division and expansion,and PAC application had no influence on CPPU-induced cell development.RNA sequencing revealed that gibberellin 20 oxidase and gibberellin 3 oxidase genes were not differentially expressed following CPPU treatment.According to the analysis of fruit phytohormone content,the CPPU treatments did not induce gibberellin biosynthesis.These results suggest that CPPU-induced parthenocarpy may be gibberellin independent in‘Dangshansu’pear.After CPPU treatment,the indole acetic acid(IAA)content in fruit was significantly increased,and the abscisic acid(ABA)content was significantly decreased.Similarly,RNA sequencing revealed that many genes involved in the auxin and ABA pathways were significantly differentially expressed in the CPPU treatment groups;among them,indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase(YUCCA)was significantly upregulated and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase(NCED)was significantly downregulated.IAA and ABA may thus play important roles in CPPU-induced parthenocarpy.PbTwo-component response regulator9(PbRR9),PbYUCCA4,and PbNCED6 were then selected to further elucidate the mechanism of CPPU-induced parthenocarpy.A yeast one-hybrid assay indicated that PbRR9 can combine with the PbYUCCA4 and PbNCED6 promoters.Dual luciferase assays revealed that PbRR9 can promote and repress the activities of the PbYUCCA4 and PbNCED6 promoters,respectively.After the transient expression of PbRR9 in fruits,PbYUCCA4 expression was significantly upregulated,and PbNCED6 expression was significantly downregulated.This study uncovered a CPPU-induced parthenocarpy mechanism that is different from that in tomato.CPPU may upregulate PbYUCCA4 and downregulate PbNCED6 by upregulating PbRR9,thereby increasing IAA content and decreasing ABA content to ultimately induce parthenocarpy in‘Dangshansu’pear.However,because only a single time point was used and because‘botanical’and‘accessory’fruits have different structures,this conclusion is still preliminary.

Evaluation of three tracers for labeling distal cerebrospinal fluidcontacting neurons

It has been reported that distal cerebrospinal fluidcontacting neurons（dCSF-CNs）can be detected by immunohistochemical assay using cholera toxin subunit B-conjugated horseradish peroxidase（CBHRP）.In the present study,another two methods with CB alone or CB-conjugated FITC（CB-FITC）were used,and the results from the three methods were compared.Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups with CB-HRP,CB or CB-FITC.Tracers were diluted to 30%in artificial cerebrospinal fluid and injected separately（in a volume of 3μL）into the lateral ventricle.Animals from the CB-HRP and CB groups were perfused 48 h after surgery while animals from the CB-FITC group were perfused 1,3,6,12,24 or 48 h after surgery.The brain was sectioned（40μm）for immunofluorescence and five sections with positive neurons were selected from each rat for neuron counting.Three clusters of positive neurons in a＇Y-like＇distribution were detected ventral to the cerebral aqueduct of rats from the three groups.No significant difference was observed among the quantitative data.In the CB-FITC group,stable staining was detected even at 6 h after injection.Taken together,lateral ventricle injection of CB/CB-FITC is a useful method for labeling dCSFCNs in rats.The CB-FITC method makes dCSF-CNs labeling much simpler and more convenient.