Tobacco smoking is a prevalent and detrimental habit practiced worldwide,increasing the risk of various diseases,including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),cardiovascular disease,liver disease,and cancer.Al...Tobacco smoking is a prevalent and detrimental habit practiced worldwide,increasing the risk of various diseases,including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),cardiovascular disease,liver disease,and cancer.Although previous research has explored the detrimental health effects of tobacco smoking,recent studies suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis may play a critical role in these outcomes.Numerous tobacco smoke components,such as nicotine,are found in the gastrointestinal tract and interact with gut microbiota,leading to lasting impacts on host health and diseases.This review delves into the ways tobacco smoking and its various constituents influence gut microbiota composition and functionality.We also summarize recent advancements in understanding how tobacco smoking-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis affects host health.Furthermore,this review introduces a novel perspective on how changes in gut microbiota following smoking cessation may contribute to withdrawal syndrome and the degree of health improvements in smokers.展开更多
Atherosclerosis is a chronic multifactorial cardiovascular disease.Western diets have been reported to affect atherosclerosis through regulating adipose function.In high cholesterol diet-fed ApoE^(−/−)mice,adipocyte H...Atherosclerosis is a chronic multifactorial cardiovascular disease.Western diets have been reported to affect atherosclerosis through regulating adipose function.In high cholesterol diet-fed ApoE^(−/−)mice,adipocyte HIF-1αdeficiency or direct inhibition of HIF-1αby the selective pharmacological HIF-1αinhibitor PX-478 alleviates high cholesterol diet-induced atherosclerosis by reducing adipose ceramide generation,which lowers cholesterol levels and reduces inflammatory responses,resulting in improved dyslipidemia and atherogenesis.Smpd3,the gene encoding neutral sphingomyelinase,is identified as a new target gene directly regulated by HIF-1αthat is involved in ceramide generation.Injection of lentivirus-SMPD3 in epididymal adipose tissue reverses the decrease in ceramides in adipocytes and eliminates the improvements on atherosclerosis in the adipocyte HIF-1α-deficient mice.Therefore,HIF-1αinhibition may constitute a novel approach to slow atherosclerotic progression.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31925021, 82130022)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0800700, 2022YFA0806403)。
文摘Tobacco smoking is a prevalent and detrimental habit practiced worldwide,increasing the risk of various diseases,including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),cardiovascular disease,liver disease,and cancer.Although previous research has explored the detrimental health effects of tobacco smoking,recent studies suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis may play a critical role in these outcomes.Numerous tobacco smoke components,such as nicotine,are found in the gastrointestinal tract and interact with gut microbiota,leading to lasting impacts on host health and diseases.This review delves into the ways tobacco smoking and its various constituents influence gut microbiota composition and functionality.We also summarize recent advancements in understanding how tobacco smoking-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis affects host health.Furthermore,this review introduces a novel perspective on how changes in gut microbiota following smoking cessation may contribute to withdrawal syndrome and the degree of health improvements in smokers.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0800700 and 2018YFC1003900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91857115,31925021,82022028 and 81921001).
文摘Atherosclerosis is a chronic multifactorial cardiovascular disease.Western diets have been reported to affect atherosclerosis through regulating adipose function.In high cholesterol diet-fed ApoE^(−/−)mice,adipocyte HIF-1αdeficiency or direct inhibition of HIF-1αby the selective pharmacological HIF-1αinhibitor PX-478 alleviates high cholesterol diet-induced atherosclerosis by reducing adipose ceramide generation,which lowers cholesterol levels and reduces inflammatory responses,resulting in improved dyslipidemia and atherogenesis.Smpd3,the gene encoding neutral sphingomyelinase,is identified as a new target gene directly regulated by HIF-1αthat is involved in ceramide generation.Injection of lentivirus-SMPD3 in epididymal adipose tissue reverses the decrease in ceramides in adipocytes and eliminates the improvements on atherosclerosis in the adipocyte HIF-1α-deficient mice.Therefore,HIF-1αinhibition may constitute a novel approach to slow atherosclerotic progression.
