“普杜之辩”及其对我国普职教育融通的启示

“普杜之辩”是美国职业教育发展史上的重要事件,其核心是职业主义阵营中的普洛瑟与民主主义阵营中的杜威就职业与教育的关系及职业教育该何去何从进行的一场辩论。这场辩论促进了美国职业教育与普通教育的思想融通,从而深刻影响了美国职业教育的发展。“普杜之辩”对我国职业教育的重要启示在于:职业教育与普通教育融通的关键在于教育思想的融合;普职融通发展需具有本土视角。

Battery Separators Functionalized with Edge-Rich MoS2/C Hollow Microspheres for the Uniform Deposition of Li2S in High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

As promising energy storage systems,lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted significant attention because of their ultra-high energy densities.However,Li-S battery suffers problems related to the complex phase conversion that occurs during the charge-discharge process,particularly the deposition of solid Li2S from the liquid-phase polysulfides,which greatly limits its practical application.In this paper,edge-rich MoS2/C hollow microspheres(Edg-MoS2/C HMs)were designed and used to functionalize separator for Li-S battery,resulting in the uniform deposition of Li2S.The microspheres were fabricated through the facile hydrothermal treatment of MoO3-aniline nanowires and a subsequent carbonization process.The obtained Edg-MoS2/C HMs have a strong chemical absorption capability and high density of Li2S binding sites,and exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance and can effectively hinder the polysulfide shuttle effect and guide the uniform nucleation and growth of Li2S.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the Edg-MoS2/C HMs can effectively regulate the deposition of Li2S and significantly improve the reversibility of the phase conversion of the active sulfur species,especially at high sulfur loadings and high C-rates.As a result,a cell containing a separator functionalized with Edg-MoS2/C HMs exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 935 mAh g-1 at 1.0 C and maintained a capacity of 494 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles with a sulfur loading of 1.7 mg cm-2.Impressively,at a high sulfur loading of 6.1 mg cm-2 and high rate of 0.5 C,the cell still delivered a high reversible discharge capacity of 478 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles.This work provides fresh insights into energy storage systems related to complex phase conversions.

Decorating ketjen black with ultra-small Mo_(2)C nanoparticles to enhance polysulfides chemisorption and redox kinetics for lithium-sulfur batteries

The low sulfur utilization and fast capacity fading resulting from the sluggish redox reaction and abominable polysulfides shuttle greatly hinder the practical applications of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries.Herein, we develop a facile "in-situ growth" method to decorate ultra-small Mo2 C nanoparticles(USMo2 C) on the surface of Ketjen Black(KB) to functionalize the commercial polypropylene(PP) separators,which can accelerate the redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides conversion and effectively increase the utilization of sulfur for Li-S batteries. Importantly, the US-Mo2 C nanoparticles have abundant sites for chemical adsorption towards polysulfides and the conductive carbon networks of KB have cross-linked pore channels, which can promote electron transport and provide physical barrier and volume expansion space for polysulfides. Due to the combined effects of the US-Mo2 C and KB, Li-S cells employing the multifunctional PP separators modified with KB/US-Mo2 C composite(KB/US-Mo2 C@PP) exhibit a high specific capacity(1212.8 mAh g^(-1) at 0.2 C), and maintain a reversible capacity of 1053.3 m Ah g^(-1) after 100 cycles.More importantly, the KB/US-Mo2 C@PP cells with higher sulfur mass loading of 4.9 mg cm^(-2) have superb areal capacity of 2.3 mAh cm^(-2). This work offers a novel and promising perspective for high-performance Li-S batteries from both the shuttle effect and the complex polysulfides conversion.

先前学习认定的本土化实践——以北京开放大学社会工作专业为例

先前学习认定是一种对非正规、非正式学习成果予以评价、认定并授予证明的策略。这一策略不仅可以减少学生重复学习,搭建不同类型学习成果之间转换的通道,也可以作为提高高等教育入学率的有效手段。我国国内研究主要以介绍国外先前学习认定的理论和实践经验,以及从宏观角度构建我国先前学习路径为主,极少对我国开展的先前学习认定实践进行研究。本文以北京开放大学社工专业开展的先前学习认定为研究对象,重点研究其先前学习认定开展的原因,分析其认定流程和模式,并探讨本土化实践中所遇到的问题及解决思路。希望通过本文,提供我国先前学习认定研究的实践视角,探究先前学习认定在我国如何进行本土化实践,丰富先前学习认定在我国的实践经验,为后续研究者提供案例参考和研究素材。