胃癌高发区武威市人群幽门螺杆菌抗生素耐药性分子诊断研究

目的:本研究旨在通过分析幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,HP)抗生素耐药性的分子特征,为临床根除HP合理用药提供分子生物学依据。方法:收集2019年2月至2023年11月在甘肃省武威肿瘤医院检查^(14)C呼气试验阳性的1 144例患者的临床资料。采用扩散法药敏实验、耐药基因检测实验、一代测序法进行CYP2C19基因多态性检测,分析HP抗生素耐药性及相关分子生物学特性。结果:在6种抗生素中,甲硝唑的耐药率和耐药基因(rdxA)突变率最高,分别为92.00%和86.12%,阿莫西林的耐药率和耐药基因(Pbp1)突变率最低,分别为11.78%和37.11%;CYP2C19等位基因出现频率快代谢型占46.77%,中等代谢型占44.58%,慢代谢型占8.65%;免疫组织化学发生球形变148例(18.55%)。常规治疗方案用药的HP根除率低于个性化诊疗方案根除率(χ^(2)=8.627,P=0.003);首次接受耐药分子诊断结果治疗方案的根除者根除率要高于复治患者(χ^(2)=6.242,P=0.012)。结论:胃癌高发区武威市人群对阿莫西林抗生素耐药率较低;通过耐药分子生物学诊断结果,可有效提高HP根除率,并为临床合理用药提供参考依据。

An efficient papaya leaf distortion mosaic potyvirus vector for virus-induced gene silencing in papaya

Papaya(Carica papaya L.)is regarded as an excellent model for genomic studies of tropical trees because of its short generation time and its small genome that has been sequenced.However,functional genomic studies in papaya depend on laborious genetic transformations because no rapid tools exist for this species.Here,we developed a highly efficient virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)vector for use in papaya by modifying an artificially attenuated infectious clone of papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus(PLDMV;genus:Potyvirus),PLDMV-E,into a stable Nimble Cloning(NC)-based PLDMV vector,pPLDMV-NC,in Escherichia coli.The target fragments for gene silencing can easily be cloned into pPLDMV-NC without multiple digestion and ligation steps.Using this PLDMV VIGS system,we silenced and characterized five endogenous genes in papaya,including two common VIGS marker genes,namely,phytoene desaturase,Mg-chelatase H subunit,putative GIBBERELLIN(GA)-INSENSITIVE DWARF1A and 1B encoding GA receptors;and the cytochrome P450 gene CYP83B1,which encodes a key enzyme involved in benzylglucosinolate biosynthesis.The results demonstrate that our newly developed PLDMV VIGS vector is a rapid and convenient tool for functional genomic studies in papaya.

3D fluorescence emission difference microscopy based on spatial light modulator

We report three-dimensional fluorescence emission difference(3D-FED)microscopy using a spatial light modulator(SLM).Zero phase,0–2
vortex phase and binary 0-pi phase are loaded on the SLM to generate the corresponding solid,doughnut and z-axis hollow excitation spot,respectively.Our technique achieves super-resolved image by subtracting three di®erently acquired images with proper subtractive factors.Detailed theoretical analysis and simulation tests are proceeded to testify the performance of 3D-FED.Also,the improvement of lateral and axial resolution is demonstrated by imaging 100 nm°uorescent beads.The experiment yields lateral resolution of 140 nm and axial resolution of approximate 380 nm.

On the use of deep learning for phase recovery

Phase recovery(PR)refers to calculating the phase of the light field from its intensity measurements.As exemplified from quantitative phase imaging and coherent diffraction imaging to adaptive optics,PR is essential for reconstructing the refractive index distribution or topography of an object and correcting the aberration of an imaging system.In recent years,deep learning(DL),often implemented through deep neural networks,has provided unprecedented support for computational imaging,leading to more efficient solutions for various PR problems.In this review,we first briefly introduce conventional methods for PR.Then,we review how DL provides support for PR from the following three stages,namely,pre-processing,in-processing,and post-processing.We also review how DL is used in phase image processing.Finally,we summarize the work in DL for PR and provide an outlook on how to better use DL to improve the reliability and efficiency of PR.Furthermore,we present a live-updating resource(https://github.com/kqwang/phase-recovery)for readers to learn more about PR.

Experimental-mechanistic analysis of pavement base deflections measured with light weight deflectometer

An extensive experimental-mechanistic study was conducted to reveal the relationship between the light weight deflectometer(LWD)measured deflections and the degree of compaction of pavement base materials.Both laboratory experiments and test pits experiments were performed with different types of pavement base materials.The modulus based maximum allowable LWD deflections under different structural and compaction conditions were developed for the most commonly used pavement base aggregate in Indiana.The maximum allowable deflections are based on the equivalent subgrade modulus and the thickness of the layer to be compacted.It is emphasized that the LWD deflections must be measured as soon as the material is compacted or before the moisture content decreases beyond a specified range.Therefore,the maximum allowable deflections are specified in terms of the difference between the actual moisture content and the optimum moisture content.The maximum allowable deflection values provide a sound basis for compaction quality control using LWD devices.

Assessment of Tick-Borne Diseases in Hainan Province, China

China’s six tropical regions include Guangdong Province,Yunnan Province,Hainan Province,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(SAR),Macao SAR,and Taiwan,China.Hainan,seated in the southernmost tropical region of China,is home to ticks that remain active throughout all four seasons.This heightens their potential to transmit tick-borne diseases to both animals and humans.This study provides a succinct overview of the prevailing tick species’spatial distribution and offers an outline of the range and dispersion of emerging tick-borne infections in tick vectors,animal hosts,and human populations within Hainan,China.

Field evaluation of selected light sources for roadway lighting

The development of new lighting sources, such as light emitting diode （LED）, induction, and plasma, presented more possible cost effective ways for roadway lighting. A study was therefore conducted for the Indiana Department of Transportation （INDOT} to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of some selected new lighting devices in roadway lighting. This paper describes the field evaluation process and presents the evaluation results. A number of LEDs, plasma and induction luminaires from various manufacturers were selected to replace the existing high pressure sodium （HPS） lamps in conventional and high mast lightings, llluminance values were measured over a period of 12 months on the existing and new light sources. Light performance metrics, including illuminance level and uniformity ratios, were calculated to make quantitative comparisons of the HPS and new types of light devices. Based on the evaluation in terms of lighting performance and life cycle costs, it was concluded that LED luminaires should be utilized in roadway lighting in place of HPS luminaires. The results of this study will be useful to state highway and city street agencies in making decisions on their lighting policies and developing technical specifications for use of the new lighting technologies in roadway and street lightings. The study provides a basis for manufacturers to improve their luminaire design and integration to better fit the needs of roadway and street lightings.

Cost effectiveness of new roadway lighting systems

Appropriate and adequate lighting at select locations on roadways is essential for roadway safety. As the lighting technologies advance, many Wpes of new lighting devices have been developed for roadway lightings. The most promising new lighting technologies for roadway lighting include light emitting diode, induction, plasma, and metal halide lighting systems. A study was conducted to compare the new systems with the conventional high pressure sodium systems that are currently used on the Indiana roadway systems. In this study, the engineering issues, were analyzed such as illuminance, color rendering, power usage, cost effectiveness, and approval procedures for new roadway lighting systems. This paper, however, presents only the study findings related to cost effectiveness of the evaluated roadway lighting systems. Illustrated in this paper are the main features of the roadway lighting systems under evaluations, installations of the new lighting systems, measurements of power consumptions, and life cycle cost analyses of the lighting systems. Through this study, experience and knowledge have been obtained on the installations, power measurements, and cost effectiveness of the new types of the roadway lighting devices. The actual power values of various luminaires were obtained by measuring the electric current with a multi-meter. It was found that the differences between the rated and measured power values could be significant. The results of the life cycle cost analysis indicate that the lower life cycle costs of some of the alternative lighting devices are attributed to their relatively lower electricity usages and longer lamp/emitter replacement cycles.