As a large and important class of metal compounds,metal oxide-based materials have received considerable interests for various energy-related applications due to the advantages of compositional/structural diversity,el...As a large and important class of metal compounds,metal oxide-based materials have received considerable interests for various energy-related applications due to the advantages of compositional/structural diversity,electronic and crystal structural flexibility,tunable physical/chemical properties,low cost and earth-abundance.Recently,numerous efforts have been made in the design and development of metal oxide-based functional materials for various energy conversion and storage technologies.This themed issue“Energy-related Uses of Metal Oxides”is therefore featured to collect together a number of high-quality papers,1–8 including reviews,progress reports,original research reports and communications,focusing on a series of energy-related topics about the uses of metal oxides exemplified by water splitting,solid oxide cells(SOCs),batteries and catalysts.展开更多
Physical activity(PA)epidemiology first emerged as a new field of study around the 1950s with publication of seminal investigations on London civil servants1 and has continued to evolve as a scientific discipline to p...Physical activity(PA)epidemiology first emerged as a new field of study around the 1950s with publication of seminal investigations on London civil servants1 and has continued to evolve as a scientific discipline to present time.This subdiscipline of epidemiology studies the frequencies,distributions,and dynamics of PA and its impact on human health,morbidity,and mortality.Research over the past 75 years has demonstrated numerous health benefits of PA.Based on these research findings,the World Health Organization recommends adults aged 18-64 years engage in at least 150-300 min of moderate-intensity aerobic PA per week,or at least 75-150 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic PA per week,or a combination of both intensities.展开更多
The high prevalence of childhood obesity, evident globally in the past decade, is partly due to low physical activity (PA).1 Obesity and low cardiovascular fitness in children may increase the risk of hypertension and...The high prevalence of childhood obesity, evident globally in the past decade, is partly due to low physical activity (PA).1 Obesity and low cardiovascular fitness in children may increase the risk of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia during childhood and may contribute to the development of chronic diseases in adulthood, such as hypertension and diabetes. 2 Participating in regular PA plays a significant role in the prevention of and decrease in childhood obesity and chronic diseases, thereby contributing to the prevention of chronic diseases later in adulthood.展开更多
Obesity is a disease that has become an epidemic in economically developed countries,and manifests itself at increasing rates in economically developing countries.Obesity is associated with a variety of comorbidities,...Obesity is a disease that has become an epidemic in economically developed countries,and manifests itself at increasing rates in economically developing countries.Obesity is associated with a variety of comorbidities,such as metabolic disease,diabetes,cardiovascular diseases,and musculoskeletal disorders,all resulting in tremendous costs to health care systems around the world,a reduced capacity for work,and reduced quality of life for people with obesity,coupled with physical inactivity,thereby producing a vicious circle of inactivity-induced diseases that enhances obesity.展开更多
Computational agents,tools,and services are transforming the landscape of modern science.LLMs have rapidly become involved in critical scientific tasks ranging from hypothesis generation to paper writing.The distribut...Computational agents,tools,and services are transforming the landscape of modern science.LLMs have rapidly become involved in critical scientific tasks ranging from hypothesis generation to paper writing.The distribution of open scientific code,open data,and the common task framework has accelerated research on specific topics and drawn it away from others,leading to increasingly“operational”or trivially reproducible papers.展开更多
The 1970s and 1980s marked the apotheosis of Dar- win＇s （1871） conjecture, dismissed in its day, that mate choice driven by individual aesthetic preferences - a ＂taste for the beautiful＂ - plays a central role in...The 1970s and 1980s marked the apotheosis of Dar- win＇s （1871） conjecture, dismissed in its day, that mate choice driven by individual aesthetic preferences - a ＂taste for the beautiful＂ - plays a central role in evolu- tion. The major lines of mate-choice research were largely defined by 1990. Animal behaviorists and neu- roethologists had shown that preferences were multidi- mensional （Burley, 1981） and contingent on a multipli- city of factors （Bateson, 1978）. Evolutionary geneticists and behavioral ecologists argued that positive （Zahavi A, 1975）, negative （Parker, 1979） or neutral （Lande, 1981） fitness effects could drive the evolution of mating prefe- rences, or that preferences could ~merge from functions unrelated to mating （Endler, 1992, Ryan, 1990）. Under any of these scenarios, mate choice could play an inte- gral role in the origin and maintenance of gene flow barriers among species and in the structure of natural populations （Lande, 1981, Searcy, 1982, West- Eberhard, 1983）. Many of these ideas were crystallized in an eponymous volume edited by Bateson （1983）; progress was summarized a decade later as part of Andersson＇s （1994） encyclopedic Sexual Selection.展开更多
文摘As a large and important class of metal compounds,metal oxide-based materials have received considerable interests for various energy-related applications due to the advantages of compositional/structural diversity,electronic and crystal structural flexibility,tunable physical/chemical properties,low cost and earth-abundance.Recently,numerous efforts have been made in the design and development of metal oxide-based functional materials for various energy conversion and storage technologies.This themed issue“Energy-related Uses of Metal Oxides”is therefore featured to collect together a number of high-quality papers,1–8 including reviews,progress reports,original research reports and communications,focusing on a series of energy-related topics about the uses of metal oxides exemplified by water splitting,solid oxide cells(SOCs),batteries and catalysts.
文摘Physical activity(PA)epidemiology first emerged as a new field of study around the 1950s with publication of seminal investigations on London civil servants1 and has continued to evolve as a scientific discipline to present time.This subdiscipline of epidemiology studies the frequencies,distributions,and dynamics of PA and its impact on human health,morbidity,and mortality.Research over the past 75 years has demonstrated numerous health benefits of PA.Based on these research findings,the World Health Organization recommends adults aged 18-64 years engage in at least 150-300 min of moderate-intensity aerobic PA per week,or at least 75-150 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic PA per week,or a combination of both intensities.
文摘The high prevalence of childhood obesity, evident globally in the past decade, is partly due to low physical activity (PA).1 Obesity and low cardiovascular fitness in children may increase the risk of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia during childhood and may contribute to the development of chronic diseases in adulthood, such as hypertension and diabetes. 2 Participating in regular PA plays a significant role in the prevention of and decrease in childhood obesity and chronic diseases, thereby contributing to the prevention of chronic diseases later in adulthood.
文摘Obesity is a disease that has become an epidemic in economically developed countries,and manifests itself at increasing rates in economically developing countries.Obesity is associated with a variety of comorbidities,such as metabolic disease,diabetes,cardiovascular diseases,and musculoskeletal disorders,all resulting in tremendous costs to health care systems around the world,a reduced capacity for work,and reduced quality of life for people with obesity,coupled with physical inactivity,thereby producing a vicious circle of inactivity-induced diseases that enhances obesity.
文摘Computational agents,tools,and services are transforming the landscape of modern science.LLMs have rapidly become involved in critical scientific tasks ranging from hypothesis generation to paper writing.The distribution of open scientific code,open data,and the common task framework has accelerated research on specific topics and drawn it away from others,leading to increasingly“operational”or trivially reproducible papers.
文摘The 1970s and 1980s marked the apotheosis of Dar- win＇s （1871） conjecture, dismissed in its day, that mate choice driven by individual aesthetic preferences - a ＂taste for the beautiful＂ - plays a central role in evolu- tion. The major lines of mate-choice research were largely defined by 1990. Animal behaviorists and neu- roethologists had shown that preferences were multidi- mensional （Burley, 1981） and contingent on a multipli- city of factors （Bateson, 1978）. Evolutionary geneticists and behavioral ecologists argued that positive （Zahavi A, 1975）, negative （Parker, 1979） or neutral （Lande, 1981） fitness effects could drive the evolution of mating prefe- rences, or that preferences could ~merge from functions unrelated to mating （Endler, 1992, Ryan, 1990）. Under any of these scenarios, mate choice could play an inte- gral role in the origin and maintenance of gene flow barriers among species and in the structure of natural populations （Lande, 1981, Searcy, 1982, West- Eberhard, 1983）. Many of these ideas were crystallized in an eponymous volume edited by Bateson （1983）; progress was summarized a decade later as part of Andersson＇s （1994） encyclopedic Sexual Selection.
