Numerical and experimental study on the response characteristics of warhead in the fast cook-off process

The response characteristics of the warhead under thermal stimuli conditions are important to the safety improvement.The goal of this study is to obtain data on the warhead in the fast cook-off process.In this paper,a numerical calculation method is proposed,whose reliability is supported by comparison with experimental results.Through the numerical calculation,the temperature distribution,temperature change,and ignition time are acquired.The numerical results show that the ignition time is 76 s after the warhead started to burn and that the maximum temperature of the explosive’s outer surface is 238.3℃ at the ignition time.The fast cook-off experiment of the warhead is implemented so as to get the flame temperature and reaction grades that are not available through numerical calculation.The experimental results show that the overpressure fails to reach the preset minimumvalue which is equivalent to 6 kg of TNT and that the reaction grade is deflagration.The research results have reference value for the design of the warhead and the reduction of detonation risks.

年长员工主观年龄对利他行为的影响:控制感的中介作用和组织支持的调节作用

随着我国社会人口日益老龄化,企业如何有效管理和开发年长员工成为人力资源开发学者和管理人员广泛关注的问题。然而,年龄刻板印象使得部分管理人员忽视了个人生理实际年龄与心理主观感受的差异,从而无法充分发挥年长员工在丰富工作经验、知识诀窍(know how)积累、社会网络资本深厚、适应组织文化等多方面优势。与生理年龄相比,主观年龄反映了个人对年龄的心理感知,更能解释年长员工态度和行为的内源性成因。本研究基于资源保存理论,探讨了主观年龄对年长员工利他行为的作用机制。对三阶段问卷调查数据分析的结果表明,主观年龄年轻化通过控制感,增加年长员工利他行为。组织支持具有显著的调节作用:在高水平组织支持下,主观年龄更年轻的年长员工对生活和工作的控制力越强,利他行为越多。研究结果拓展了主观年龄对年长员工影响机制的前沿研究,对人力资源管理者如何有效开发年长员工资源、实现成功老龄化提供了建议,以期起到抛砖引玉的作用。