TSPAN1 protein expression:A significant prognostic indicator for patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma

AIM:To determine if TSPAN1 overexpression is associated with clinicopathological and prognostic factors in human colorectal adenocarcinoma.METHODS:Total RNA was extracted in 20 human adenocarcinoma tissues for TSPAN1 mRNA assay by RT-PCR.Eighty-eight specimens of human colorectal adenocarcinoma were surgically removed.TSPAN1 protein levels in cancer tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody against self-prepared TSPAN1.The correlation between TSPAN1 expression and the clinicopathological factors and the overall survival rate was analyzed by univariate and multivariate assay.RESULTS:TSPAN1 mRNA was detected in 90.0%(18/20) of cancerous tissues.The light density of TSPAN1 mRNA expression levels was 0.89 ± 0.30 in adenocarcinoma by gel-image system.TSPAN1 protein expression was detected in 78.41%(69/88) and weakly expressed in 40% normal colorectal tissues.There were significant differences between colorectal adenocarcinoma and normal control epithelium(P < 0.05).TSPAN1 protein expression in colorectal cancerous tissue was significantly correlated with the histological grade,cell expression PCNA,lymph nodal metastasis and TNM staging of the disease.Patients with TSPAN1 protein overexpression had a significantly shorter survival period than that in patients with TSPAN1 protein negative or weak expression,respectively(P < 0.05).Furthermore,by multivariate analysis,TSPAN1 protein expression demonstrated an independent prognostic factor for human colorectal cancers(P < 0.05,relative risk 0.755;95% confidence interval 0.302-1.208).CONCLUSION:The expression of TSPAN1 gene is increased in colorectal carcinoma,suggesting that TSPAN1 might serve as an independent prognostic factor for the colorectal adenocarcinoma patients.

Strengthening and toughening of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy by hybrid deposition and synchronous micro-rolling

To overcome the disadvantages of inhomogeneous microstructures and poor mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloys,a novel technique of hybrid deposition and synchronous micro-rolling is proposed.The micro-rolling leads to equiaxed prior β grains,thin discontinuous intergranular α,and equiaxed primary α,in contrast to the coarse columnar prior β grains without the application of micro-rolling.The recrystallization by micro-rolling results in discontinuous intergranular α via the mechanism of strain and interface-induced grain boundary migration.The evolution of α globularization,driven by a solute concentration gradient,starts from the sub-boundary until the formation of equiaxed primary α.Simultaneous strengthening and toughening are achieved,which means an increase in yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,fracture elongation,and work hardening rate.The formation of α recrystallization leads to more fine grain boundaries to strengthen the yield strength,and the improvement of ductility is due to the better-coordinated deformation ability of discontinuous intergranular α and equiaxed primary α.As a result,the fracture mode in micro-rolling changes from intergranular type to transgranular type.