Effect of Mn element on shock response in CoCrFeNiMn_(x) high entropy alloys

The effect of Mn element on shock response of CoCrFeNiMn_(x) high entropy alloys(HEAs)are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations.Structural analysis shows that Mn-rich CoCrFeNiMn_(x) HEA has a larger average atomic volume.The elastic properties of CoCrFeNiMn_(x) HEAs under various hydrostatic pressures are studied,revealing that the elastic modulus decreases with increasing of Mn content.The shock thermodynamic parameters are quantitatively analyzed.The Mn-dependent shock Hugoniot relationship of CoCrFeNiMn_(x) HEAs is obtained:Us=1.25+(5.21–0.011x)Up.At relatively high shock pressure,the increase in Mn content promotes the formation of clustered BCC structures and hinders the development of dislocations.In addition,more FCC structures in Mn-rich CoCrFeNiMn_(x) HEAs transform into disordered structures during spallation.Spall strength decreases with increasing Mn content.This study can provide a reference for the design and application of CoCrFeNiMn HEAs under shock loading.

Identification of two aberrant transcripts derived from a hybridoma with amplification of functional immunoglobulin variable genes

Murine monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)are widely used but have limitations if administered in humans.The use of chimeric or humanized mAbs can reduce immunogenicity.The first step in producing such mAbs is to clone murine variable genes from a hybridoma,but it is possible to amplify both functional and aberrant variable genes,as they coexist in the hybridoma.During the development of a murine–human chimeric antibody,we have cloned from a hybridoma the functional heavy chain variable region(VH)and light chain variable region(VL)genes of a mAb that blocks the binding of anthrax lethal factor to protective antigen.In this study,we report the detection of two aberrant transcripts from a hybridoma produced using myeloma cell line OUR-1,the development of a method to distinguish between the functional and abundant aberrant VL transcripts,and the origins of these aberrant genes.The aberrant VL gene is derived from OUR-1 cells,while the aberrant VH gene might derive from antibody repertoires in B cells or from gene rearrangement in the hybridoma cells.The aberrant VH and VL genes in this study may facilitate discrimination between the functional and aberrant variable genes from hybridoma cells.