As one of the most malignant tumors worldwide,lung cancer,fueled by metastasis,has shown rising mortality rates.However,effective clinical strategies aimed at preventing metastasis are lacking owing to its dynamic mul...As one of the most malignant tumors worldwide,lung cancer,fueled by metastasis,has shown rising mortality rates.However,effective clinical strategies aimed at preventing metastasis are lacking owing to its dynamic multi-step,complicated,and progressive nature.Immunotherapy has shown promise in treating cancer metastasis by reversing the immunosuppressive network of the tumor microenvironment.However,drug resistance inevitably develops due to inadequate delivery of immunostimulants and an uncontrolled immune response.Consequently,adverse effects occur,such as autoimmunity,from the non-specific immune activation and non-specific inflammation in off-target organs.Nanocarriers that improve drug solubility,permeability,stability,bioavailability,as well as sustained,controlled,and targeted delivery can effectively overcome drug resistance and enhance the therapeutic effect while reducing adverse effects.In particular,nanomedicine-based immunotherapy can be utilized to target tumor metastasis,presenting a promising therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.Nanotechnology strategies that boost the immunotherapy effect are classified based on the metastatic cascade related to the tumor immune microenvironment;the breaking away of primary tumors,circulating tumor cell dissemination,and premetastatic niche formation cause distant secondary site colonization.In this review,we focus on the opportunities and challenges of integrating immunotherapy with nanoparticle formulation to establish nanotechnology-based immunotherapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment for preclinical and clinical applications in the management of patients with metastatic lung cancer.We also discuss prospects for the emerging field and the clinical translation potential of these techniques.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(No.82202989)the Regional Innovation Cooperation Project of Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021YFQ0029)+4 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2019YFS0111 and 2022YFS2019)the Postdoctoral Research Project of West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,China(No.2021HXBH045)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(awarded to LZ)the Special Funding for Postdoctoral Research Projects in Sichuan Province(awarded to LZ)the Sichuan University Postdoctoral Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund(awarded to LZ).
文摘As one of the most malignant tumors worldwide,lung cancer,fueled by metastasis,has shown rising mortality rates.However,effective clinical strategies aimed at preventing metastasis are lacking owing to its dynamic multi-step,complicated,and progressive nature.Immunotherapy has shown promise in treating cancer metastasis by reversing the immunosuppressive network of the tumor microenvironment.However,drug resistance inevitably develops due to inadequate delivery of immunostimulants and an uncontrolled immune response.Consequently,adverse effects occur,such as autoimmunity,from the non-specific immune activation and non-specific inflammation in off-target organs.Nanocarriers that improve drug solubility,permeability,stability,bioavailability,as well as sustained,controlled,and targeted delivery can effectively overcome drug resistance and enhance the therapeutic effect while reducing adverse effects.In particular,nanomedicine-based immunotherapy can be utilized to target tumor metastasis,presenting a promising therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.Nanotechnology strategies that boost the immunotherapy effect are classified based on the metastatic cascade related to the tumor immune microenvironment;the breaking away of primary tumors,circulating tumor cell dissemination,and premetastatic niche formation cause distant secondary site colonization.In this review,we focus on the opportunities and challenges of integrating immunotherapy with nanoparticle formulation to establish nanotechnology-based immunotherapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment for preclinical and clinical applications in the management of patients with metastatic lung cancer.We also discuss prospects for the emerging field and the clinical translation potential of these techniques.
