The complexity of the brain has attracted scientists from all over the world.Much effort has been paid to explore the mechanisms from genetics to molecules,from cells to circuits,and from Caenorhabditis elegans to hum...The complexity of the brain has attracted scientists from all over the world.Much effort has been paid to explore the mechanisms from genetics to molecules,from cells to circuits,and from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans.Brain research contributes to the development of new technologies,especially artificial intelligence(AI).According to the International Data Corporation,the global revenue of the AI market is expected to exceed$500 billion by 2023 and$900 billion by 2026,highlighting the great importance of brain research for social progress.展开更多
Imaging genetics is an emerging field aimed at identifying and characterizing genetic variants that influence measures derived from anatomical or functional brain images, which are in turn related to brain-related ill...Imaging genetics is an emerging field aimed at identifying and characterizing genetic variants that influence measures derived from anatomical or functional brain images, which are in turn related to brain-related illnesses or fundamental cognitive, emotional and behavioral processes, and are affected by environmental factors. Here we review the recent evolution of statistical approaches and outstanding challenges in imaging genetics, with a focus on population-based imaging genetic association studies. We show the trend in imaging genetics from candidate approaches to pure discovery science, and from univariate to multivariate analyses. We also discuss future directions and prospects of imaging genetics for ultimately helping understand the genetic and environmental underpinnings of various neuropsychiatric disorders and turning basic science into clinical strategies.展开更多
Adolescence is one of the most critical periods for human brain development,as evidenced by neuronal maturation processes of synaptic pruning and synapse stabilization[1-3],which together improve the efficiency of inf...Adolescence is one of the most critical periods for human brain development,as evidenced by neuronal maturation processes of synaptic pruning and synapse stabilization[1-3],which together improve the efficiency of information transfer in the brain.This development is coincidental with maturing in multiple cognitive and behavioral capabilities,such as better motor skills,abstract thinking,and complex semantic cognition.On the other hand,many psychiatric disorders,such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),conduct disorder,anxiety,and depression,also have their peak onset in adolescence[4].Therefore,it is vital to understand how the maturing process of the brain during adolescence could affect cognitive growth and psychopathology.展开更多
Growth charts for gross anthropometric traits,such as height,weight,and head circumference,are cornerstones of pediatric care around the world.This modelling approach is centered around measuring the relative deviatio...Growth charts for gross anthropometric traits,such as height,weight,and head circumference,are cornerstones of pediatric care around the world.This modelling approach is centered around measuring the relative deviations from normative trajectories rather than the absolute values of these phenotypes[1].To this end,it is imperative that normative models are not only robust in terms of the statistical framework on which they are built。展开更多
基金supported by the National Programs for Brain Science and Brain-like Intelligence Technology of China(2021ZD0200800).
文摘The complexity of the brain has attracted scientists from all over the world.Much effort has been paid to explore the mechanisms from genetics to molecules,from cells to circuits,and from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans.Brain research contributes to the development of new technologies,especially artificial intelligence(AI).According to the International Data Corporation,the global revenue of the AI market is expected to exceed$500 billion by 2023 and$900 billion by 2026,highlighting the great importance of brain research for social progress.
文摘Imaging genetics is an emerging field aimed at identifying and characterizing genetic variants that influence measures derived from anatomical or functional brain images, which are in turn related to brain-related illnesses or fundamental cognitive, emotional and behavioral processes, and are affected by environmental factors. Here we review the recent evolution of statistical approaches and outstanding challenges in imaging genetics, with a focus on population-based imaging genetic association studies. We show the trend in imaging genetics from candidate approaches to pure discovery science, and from univariate to multivariate analyses. We also discuss future directions and prospects of imaging genetics for ultimately helping understand the genetic and environmental underpinnings of various neuropsychiatric disorders and turning basic science into clinical strategies.
文摘Adolescence is one of the most critical periods for human brain development,as evidenced by neuronal maturation processes of synaptic pruning and synapse stabilization[1-3],which together improve the efficiency of information transfer in the brain.This development is coincidental with maturing in multiple cognitive and behavioral capabilities,such as better motor skills,abstract thinking,and complex semantic cognition.On the other hand,many psychiatric disorders,such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),conduct disorder,anxiety,and depression,also have their peak onset in adolescence[4].Therefore,it is vital to understand how the maturing process of the brain during adolescence could affect cognitive growth and psychopathology.
基金the Horizon 2020 funded ERC Advanced Grant“STRATIFY”(Brain network based stratification of reinforcement-related disorders)(695313)Human Brain Project(HBP SGA 3945539)+6 种基金the Medical Research Council Grant“c-VEDA”(Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions)(MR/N000390/1)the NIH Consortium grant U54 EB020403supported by a cross-NIH alliance that funds Big Data to Knowledge Centres of ExcellenceJakob Seidlitz is supported by a Ruth L.Kirschstein Institutional National Research Service Award(NRSA)research training grant(Parent T32)Richard A.I.Bethlehem is supported by a British Academy Post-Doctoral Fellowship and the Autism Research TrustBharath Holla is partly supported by DBT(BT/PR17316/MED/31/326/2015)Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders using Stem Cells and c-VEDA(Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions-Grant:ICMR/MRC-UK/3/M/2015-NCD-I)。
文摘Growth charts for gross anthropometric traits,such as height,weight,and head circumference,are cornerstones of pediatric care around the world.This modelling approach is centered around measuring the relative deviations from normative trajectories rather than the absolute values of these phenotypes[1].To this end,it is imperative that normative models are not only robust in terms of the statistical framework on which they are built。
