In recent years, as the exploration practices extend into more complicated formations, conventional well log interpretation has often shown its inaccuracy and limitations in identifying hydrocarbons. The Permian Wuton...In recent years, as the exploration practices extend into more complicated formations, conventional well log interpretation has often shown its inaccuracy and limitations in identifying hydrocarbons. The Permian Wutonggou Formation hosts typical clastic reservoirs in the Eastern Junggar Basin. The sophisticated lithology characteristics cause complex pore structures and fluid properties. These all finally cause low well testing agreement rate using conventional methods. Eleven years＇ recent statistics show that 12 out of 15 water layers have been incorrectly identified as being oil or oil/water layers by conventional well log interpretation. This paper proposes a methodology called intelligent prediction and identification system （IPIS）. Firstly, parameters reflecting lithological, petrophysical and electrical responses which are greatly related to reservoir fluids have been selected carefully. They are shale content （Vsh）, numbered rock type （RN）, porosity （φ）, permeability （K）, true resistivity （RT） and spontaneous-potential （SP）. Secondly, Vsh, φ and K are predicted from well logs through artificial neural networks （ANNs）. Finally, all the six parameters are input into a neuro-fuzzy inference machine （NFIM） to get fluids identification results. Eighteen new layers of 145.3 m effective thickness were examined by IPIS. There is full agreement with well testing results. This shows the system＇s accuracy and effectiveness.展开更多
On Oct.11th,2013,the National Meteorological Center released news concerning the super cyclonic storm Fehling that was coming from the Bay of Bengal.The news said that during the following two days(the 14th and 15th)F...On Oct.11th,2013,the National Meteorological Center released news concerning the super cyclonic storm Fehling that was coming from the Bay of Bengal.The news said that during the following two days(the 14th and 15th)Fehling would bring about heavy snow,even snowstorms in Southwest Tibet.However,at that time.展开更多
Gao Yunbao came to Shigatse in 2001 and in the next year he fell in love with Deyang,a Tibetan girl,who he soon married.Within the next ten years,he took jobs selling clothes,breeding fish, raising pigs and growing ve...Gao Yunbao came to Shigatse in 2001 and in the next year he fell in love with Deyang,a Tibetan girl,who he soon married.Within the next ten years,he took jobs selling clothes,breeding fish, raising pigs and growing vegetables in greenhouses. Nevertheless,his life did not see any great change until he received technical agricultural support from Qingdao Municipality.It was since then that his life has changed.展开更多
Trango Town of Saga County in Shigaste is located at an elevation of 5 370 meters with a population of 1,305 people.It shares a 105-kilometer border with Nepal,consisting of five border passes.It is one of the key bor...Trango Town of Saga County in Shigaste is located at an elevation of 5 370 meters with a population of 1,305 people.It shares a 105-kilometer border with Nepal,consisting of five border passes.It is one of the key border protective areas of the local展开更多
This yard was built in 1992 at the address of No.85 Lhatse Village in Lhatse Town of Lhatse County.A series of clanging sounds echo from behind a red door. This is the house of Pu Dawa,who is the local blacksmith famo...This yard was built in 1992 at the address of No.85 Lhatse Village in Lhatse Town of Lhatse County.A series of clanging sounds echo from behind a red door. This is the house of Pu Dawa,who is the local blacksmith famous for producing Tibetan knives."I recently finished the renovation of my house which cost me about展开更多
The karst critical zone is an essential component of the carbon （C） pool, constituting the global C cycle. It is referred to as one of the ＂residual land sink＂ that remains largely in- determinate. Karst area （2....The karst critical zone is an essential component of the carbon （C） pool, constituting the global C cycle. It is referred to as one of the ＂residual land sink＂ that remains largely in- determinate. Karst area （2.2×10^7 km^2） comprises 15% of the world＇s land area, and karst area comprises 3.44~106 km^2 of area in China. Due to the complexity of karst structure and its considerable heterogeneity, C sequestration rate estimations contain large inaccuracies, especially in relation to the different methods used in calculations. Therefore, we reevaluated rock weathering-related C sink estimations in China （approximately 4.74 Tg C yr^-1）, which we calibrated from previous studies. Additionally, we stipulated that more comprehensive re- search on rock-soil-biology-atmosphere continuum C migration is essential to better under- stand C conversion mechanisms based on uncertainty analyses of C sink estimations. Moreover, we stressed that a collective confirmation of chemical methods and simulated models through a combined research effort could at least partially eliminate such uncertainty. Furthermore, integrated C cycling research need a long-term observation of the carbon flux of multi-interfaces. The enhanced capacity of ecosystem C and soil C pools remains an effective way of increasing C sink. Karst ecosystem health and security is crucial to human social de- velopment, accordingly, it is critical that we understand thresholds or potential C sink capacities in karst critical zones now and in the future.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Demonstration Project 19 (2011ZX05062-008)
文摘In recent years, as the exploration practices extend into more complicated formations, conventional well log interpretation has often shown its inaccuracy and limitations in identifying hydrocarbons. The Permian Wutonggou Formation hosts typical clastic reservoirs in the Eastern Junggar Basin. The sophisticated lithology characteristics cause complex pore structures and fluid properties. These all finally cause low well testing agreement rate using conventional methods. Eleven years＇ recent statistics show that 12 out of 15 water layers have been incorrectly identified as being oil or oil/water layers by conventional well log interpretation. This paper proposes a methodology called intelligent prediction and identification system （IPIS）. Firstly, parameters reflecting lithological, petrophysical and electrical responses which are greatly related to reservoir fluids have been selected carefully. They are shale content （Vsh）, numbered rock type （RN）, porosity （φ）, permeability （K）, true resistivity （RT） and spontaneous-potential （SP）. Secondly, Vsh, φ and K are predicted from well logs through artificial neural networks （ANNs）. Finally, all the six parameters are input into a neuro-fuzzy inference machine （NFIM） to get fluids identification results. Eighteen new layers of 145.3 m effective thickness were examined by IPIS. There is full agreement with well testing results. This shows the system＇s accuracy and effectiveness.
文摘On Oct.11th,2013,the National Meteorological Center released news concerning the super cyclonic storm Fehling that was coming from the Bay of Bengal.The news said that during the following two days(the 14th and 15th)Fehling would bring about heavy snow,even snowstorms in Southwest Tibet.However,at that time.
文摘Gao Yunbao came to Shigatse in 2001 and in the next year he fell in love with Deyang,a Tibetan girl,who he soon married.Within the next ten years,he took jobs selling clothes,breeding fish, raising pigs and growing vegetables in greenhouses. Nevertheless,his life did not see any great change until he received technical agricultural support from Qingdao Municipality.It was since then that his life has changed.
文摘Trango Town of Saga County in Shigaste is located at an elevation of 5 370 meters with a population of 1,305 people.It shares a 105-kilometer border with Nepal,consisting of five border passes.It is one of the key border protective areas of the local
文摘This yard was built in 1992 at the address of No.85 Lhatse Village in Lhatse Town of Lhatse County.A series of clanging sounds echo from behind a red door. This is the house of Pu Dawa,who is the local blacksmith famous for producing Tibetan knives."I recently finished the renovation of my house which cost me about
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41571130043 Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS
文摘The karst critical zone is an essential component of the carbon （C） pool, constituting the global C cycle. It is referred to as one of the ＂residual land sink＂ that remains largely in- determinate. Karst area （2.2×10^7 km^2） comprises 15% of the world＇s land area, and karst area comprises 3.44~106 km^2 of area in China. Due to the complexity of karst structure and its considerable heterogeneity, C sequestration rate estimations contain large inaccuracies, especially in relation to the different methods used in calculations. Therefore, we reevaluated rock weathering-related C sink estimations in China （approximately 4.74 Tg C yr^-1）, which we calibrated from previous studies. Additionally, we stipulated that more comprehensive re- search on rock-soil-biology-atmosphere continuum C migration is essential to better under- stand C conversion mechanisms based on uncertainty analyses of C sink estimations. Moreover, we stressed that a collective confirmation of chemical methods and simulated models through a combined research effort could at least partially eliminate such uncertainty. Furthermore, integrated C cycling research need a long-term observation of the carbon flux of multi-interfaces. The enhanced capacity of ecosystem C and soil C pools remains an effective way of increasing C sink. Karst ecosystem health and security is crucial to human social de- velopment, accordingly, it is critical that we understand thresholds or potential C sink capacities in karst critical zones now and in the future.
